A Chadian army general, Ahmat Koussou Moursal, has been removed from the armed forces after writing an open letter criticising President Idriss Deby.
The Chadian government said the sacked general will not be entitled to any pay or compensation, but did not give reasons for his removal.
In the letter, Gen Moursal accused President Deby of having abandoned his former comrades-in-arms from Guera, a locality in south-eastern Chad.
He also accused Chadian authorities of not compensating the victims of former President Hissene Habré's brutality.