Masu ikirarin jihar a yammacin Afirka: Yaki da su yana cikin muhimmnin mataki

Ƙoƙarin da dakarun ƙasashen duniya ke yi na hana masu tsattsauran ra'ayi karɓe iko da wani yankin Sahel yana fuskantar mummunan ƙalubale.

Mali, inda a halin yanzu aka girke dakarun Burtaniya kimanin 400, ta fuskanci juyin mulki a karo na biyu a cikin watanni tara, abin da shugabannin yankin suka yi Allah wadai da shi.

Shugaba Emmanuel Macron ya yi barazanar janye duka dakarun Faransa su 5,100 da ke ƙasar inda jagororin juyin mulkin suka aiwatar da shawararsu ta shiga yarjejeniya da waɗannan masu iƙirarin jahadi da dakarun ke yaƙa.

A can Arewaci kuma, Sifaniya ta fice daga yaƙin ƙawancen ƙasa da ƙasa na yaƙi wanda Amurka ke jagoranta da aka yi wa laƙabi da African Lion saboda wata taƙaddama da Morocco.

Wannan ya shafi yankin Afrika ta yamma ne kawai amma zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga sauran sassan duniya.

Wannan ɓangaren Afrika,na Sahel hanya ce ga ɗimbin ƴan cirani da ke tafiya can Arewaci zuwa Turai. Har wa yau, ita ce wata babbar kafar safarar miyagun kwayoyi da makamai da kuma masu iƙirarin jahadi.

Ƙungiyoyi masu jihadi na Islamic State da abokiyar hamayyarta ta Al-Qaeda sun ɗauki muhimmin ƙudurin mayar da hankalinsu a Afrika bayan koma-bayan da suka fuskanta a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Idan ruɗani da mummunan tsatstsauran ra'ayi da kuma rashin tsaro suka yi katutu a ƙasashe yankin Sahel kamar Mali to akwai yiwuwar ganin abubuwa guda biyu sun bijiro: na farko, wani sabon yanki da masu iƙrarin jahadi za su dinga kitsa hare hare a faɗin duniya sannan kuma na biyu, za a samu ƙaruwar ƴan cirani da ƴan gudun hijira suna mawuyaciyar tafiya zuwa can Arewaci don shiga ƙasashen Turai, saboda su tsere daga ƙasashensu.

Wannan dabarar ta yanzu za ta yi tasiri ne kawai wajen ƙoƙarin taƙaita faɗaɗar masu iƙirarin jahadin da kuma hana su mamayewa da yin iko da muhimman wurare a yankin.

Cin zarafi da jami'an tsaro ke yi

Matsalolin yankin Sahel- fari, cin hanci da rashawa,talauci rashin aikin yi da kuma rikicin ƙabilanci abin ya wuce haka. Julia Coleman, babbar mai bincike a cibiyar nazari kan ta'adanci da ke Hague ta ce galibin dabarun da suka fi raja'a a kan tsaro ba su da tasiri domin sun gaza magance manyan matsalolin da suka sa matasan ƙasar Mali su shiga ƙungiyoyi masu iƙirarin jihadi.

"A cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, tun da ƙasashen duniya suka kawo ɗauki a Mali in ji Ma Coleman, lamarin ya ƙara muni. Adadin ƴan ƙasar Mali da suka shiga ƙungiyoyin jihadi ya ƙaru, haka kuma yawan kai hare hare.

Wani ɓangaren wannan ta ɗaura alhakin kan take haƙƙin bil adama da jami'an tsaro ke yi da ya haɗa da kisa ba bisa shari'a ba da kuma tsare mutane bisa la'akari da ƙabilanci.

Hatta taƙaitawa da dakatar da barazana daga masu iƙirarin jahadi wata gagarumar matsala ce.

Yankin Sahel,yanki ne da ya ratsa ƙasashen Mauritania,da Mali,da Niger, da da Chad, da Burkina faso, yana da faɗi kimanin miliyan uku na da km [1.116sq miles]- inda hare haren masu iƙirarin jahadi ke yaɗuwa cikin Najeriya mai maƙwabtaka. Yankin ba shi da yawan jama'a kuma suna warwatse,galibinsu talakawa kuma babu isasshen tsaro,ga kuma kan iyakoki sakaka waɗanda masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi da mutane da kuma ƴan ta'adda ke amfani da su.

Babu ƙasa da za ta iya magance wannan ita kaɗai. Duk da dai Faransa ce ta kai ɗauki cikin gaggawa a 2013 domin hana ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da Al Qaeda ƙwace iko da babban birnin Mali Bamako,daga bisani an amince cewa yin ƙawance wajibi ne. Yanzu ana gudanar da aikace aikace soji guda biyu a lokaci guda.

Akwai aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ya ƙunshi ƙasashe 56 da kuma dakaru sama da 14,000. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanzu suna aikin sintiri a can cikin hamada tare da dakarun Mali don kai wa ga al'ummomi masu nisa,a ƙoƙarin ba su tabbacin akwai jami'an tsaron gwamnati a wajen.

Sannan kuma akwai wani aikin na daban na yaƙi da ta'adanci da Faransa ke jagoranta mai laƙabi da operation Barkhane. Tana amfani da jirage marasa matuƙi, da jirage masu saukar angulu da da kuma sansani a Niger, Faransa tare da goyon bayan hukumar leƙen asiri Amurka suna farautar sansanonin masu iƙirarin jahadi da ke gudanar da aikace aikacnsu a faɗin iyakokin yankin.

Amma abin da ya faru a Afghanistan ya nuna ƙarara cewa ko ingantaccen kai ɗaukin soji na ƙasashen yammacin duniya ba zai wuce haka ba.kafin yaƙi da ta'adanci ya yi nasara na tsawon lokaci, yana buƙatar abu biyu: Ingantacciyar rundunar tsaro ta gida da kuma goyon bayan mutanen waje.

A Mali musamman, wannan babbar matsala ce. A yawancin sassan ƙasar, jama'a na da ƙwarin guiwa kaɗan ne a kan jami'an tsaron ƙasar, waɗanda suka yi ƙaranci sosai kuma ga juyin mulki biyu a ƙasa da shekara ɗaya yanayin siyasar na buƙatar taka-tsan-tsan.

Ƴan siyasa da dama a baya sun yi kira ga dakarun Faransa da na sauran kasashe da su fice daga ƙasar kuma ganin fiye da jami'an Faransa fiye da 50 sun rasa rayukansu tun 2013, wannan shirin ba shi da farin jini a gida.

Bayan juyin mulkin bayan bayan nan, an ambato shugaba Macron a wannan makon yana cewa: Faransa ba za ta goyi bayan ƙasar da babu halarci na dimokuraɗiyya ba.

"Matsalar irin wannan yanki mai faɗi da kuma hatsarin gaske," in ji wani ƙwararre a kan yammacin duniya wanda ya ce kar a ambaci sunansa, " shi ne yana bukatar kashe kuɗi mai yawan gaske kafin a samu wata galaba.. Idan aka haɗa da rashin ingancin jami'an tsaron kasar, to fa an samu matsala".

Amurka ta jima da gano hatsarin ƙungiyoyin ƴan ta'adda masu gudanar da aikace aikacensu tsakanin ƙasashe su samu gindin zama a yankin Sahel, amma a nan, siyasa ta kawo cikas ga masu yaƙi da ta'adanci.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ƙarshe da gwamnatin shugaba Trump ta yi shi ne amincewa da ƴancin cin gashin kan Morocco a kan yankin yammacin Sahara da Spain ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a da, wanda Morocco ta mamaye a 19

Spain ta ƙi amincewa da hakan, tana nanata cewa al'ummar Saharawi mazauna wajen suna da ƴancin su mulki kansu. A watan Afrilu ta ƙyale shugabannin ƙungiyar fafutikar ƙwato ƴancin Saharawi da kuma na Polisario a yi musu jinyar Covid 19 a wani asibitin Spain.

A wani martani, Morocco ta ƙyale ƴan cirani har 10,000 su tafi kan iyakar Spain da ke Ceuta kafin a taso ƙeyar da yawansu. Yanzu Sifaniya ta fice daga shirin African Lion, shirin soji na shekara shekara mafi girma da Amurka ke shirya wa rundunonin soji na Afirka kuma an tsara gudanarwa a wannan watan a yammacin Sahara, sannan ya ƙunshi sojoji 7,000 daga ƙasashe tara.

Juyin mulki, cin hanci da rashawa, rashin haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe masu ƙawance dukansu kyauta ce ga ƙungiyoyi masu tasu tayar da ƙayar baya. Suna kawar da hankali kan yaƙi da ta'adanci, ya ba masu iƙirarin jahadi damar sake tattaruwa, da tara makamai da kuma kitsa ƙaddamar da hare hare a gaba.

Yanayin da ake ciki a yankin Sahel mai hatsari ne amma akwai abubuwa sosai da ke nuna cewa waɗannan ƙasashe da suke cikin lamarin akwai yiwuwar su ci gaba da kasancewa haka nan ba da jimawa ba.

Sai dai idan za a faɗaɗa tallafin sojin zuwa wani gagarumin shirin samar wa al'ummarsu shugabanci nagari, idan ba haka ba, shirin zai zama wani jidali ne kawai.