Hoton alama
Mamayar da aka yi a wasan Maris ɗin 2003 ta zama babbar masifa ga Iraqi da mutanan ƙasar.
Ana sake samun hujjoji ne, idan aka auna yadda rayuwa ke taɓarɓarewa a ƙasar, da kuma zargin wani wawakeken kabarin mutane da yawa a cikin sahara a wajen birnin Sinjar, wani yanki da baya da nisa da iyakar ƙasar da Syria.
Ɗaya daga cikin al’ummar da aka yi wa kaca-kaca a rikicin Iraƙi su ne mabiya addinin Yazidi, kuma suna tsaye suna kallon yadda ake kwashe ƙasar da ake haɗa tayels da ita.
A bayan wani shinge na waya a yankin, hoton wasu mutane ne masu yawa waɗanda mafi yawansu maza ne, waɗanda masu iƙirarin jihadi daga ƙungiyar IS suka kashe.
Mutanen ƙauyen Zile-Li ne da ke kusa da wajen haƙar, inda aka yi wa wasu mutane 1,800 kian gilla a ranar 3 ga watan 2014.
Mabiya addinin Yazidi suna girmama littafin Qur’ani da injila; addininsu na kan samu tasiri daga duka addinan biyu. IS na ɗaukarsu a matsayin waɗanda ba su yi imani ba don haka suka riƙa yi musu kisan ƙare dangi.
Hakan ya faru bayan Amurka da Birtaniya sun fice daga ƙasar bayan mamayarsu, wani abu da ya samar da alaƙa tsakanin kisan gillar da mamay da aka yi musu, sannan wata shekara mai muni da ba za su manta da ita ba ta biyo baya.
Cikin waɗanda suke kallon yadda ake kwashe kasar akwai Naif Jasso, Wani babban malamin al’umar Kocho ta mabiya addinin Yazidi da aka fi yi musu kisan gilla sama da Zile-li. Ya ce a kauyen Kocho ‘yan ƙungiyar IS sun kashe mutum 517 cikin 1,250 da ake da su a ƙauyen.
A ƙauyen Zile-li, an riƙa raba maza da matansu a wajen duba ababan hawa na masu ba da tsaro, sannan a riƙa yi musu kisan gilla a wajen kwasar sinadarin haɗa tayels ɗin. Sofian Saleh yana shekara 16 a wancan lokacin, yana cikin mutanen da suka taru a wajen kwashe sanadarin da ake kashe mutane a ciki.
Yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane biyu kacal da suka tsira a ƙauyen Zile-li. Yayin da yake jiran a kashe mahaifinsa da ɗan uwansa da kuma wasu mutane 30 na daban, sai kawai ya ga an kashe wasu mutane na daban. An kuma tura gawarwakinsu zuwa cikin wannan ramin da ake haƙar sinadarin. Sai kuma a ƙaraso kan ‘yan uwansa.
“Sun ɗaure hannuwanmu ta baya kafin su fara harbi. Suka ɗauke mu suka tura mu cikin wani rami” in ji shi.
An kashe mahaifin Sofian da ɗan uwansa, sai dai amma shi ya tsallake rijiya da baya, saboda gawarwakin da suka danne shi lokacin da ake harbin.
IS na amfani da wata dabara da take kai musu. Da farko sai su kashe duka mazajen da ke ƙauyen, sannan su kwashe matan su bautar da su. Sukan kwace ƙananan yara daga iyayensu mata, sannan su sanya su zama mambobin IS ƙarfi da yaji.
Wata mahaifiya da ke zaune a kusa da kabarin, ta yi tagumi tana share hawayenta saboda tuna yadda aka ƙwace wani yaronta daga hannunta aka bai wa masu iƙirarin jihadin.
A kusa da kewayen wayar wata mata ce mai suna Suad Daoud Chatto wadda ba ta fi shekara 20 ba, dauke da wani hoto. Cikin fastar da take ɗuke da ita akwai hotunan wasu maza tara da suke yan uwanta, waɗanda dukkan su an kashe su, sai kuma hoton wasu mata biyu da suka yi ɓatan dabo.
Ta ce masu ikirarin jihadi sun kama ta a 2014 lokacin tana shekara 16, tare da wasu mata da kuma ƙananan mata da aka tisa ƙeyarsu zuwa Syria. Kuma ta kasance a can har 2019, lokacin da aka ceto ta bayan rugujewar daular.
“Mutane ne tamkar dabbobi, sun sanya mata ankwa a hannunmu na dogon lokaci. Har lokacin da muke cin abinci ba sa kunce mu,” in ji ta.
“Sun auran maza kala-kala a lokuta da dama.... sun ta uarar matan da suka kwaso a matsayin ba yi. Ba bu wanda suka bari. Su riƙa yi mana fyade. Sun riƙa kashe mutane a kan idanunmu. Sun kashe duka mazan da ke bin addinin Yazidi – sun kashe ‘yan uwan mahaifina takwas. Sun ƙarar da iyalai da yawa.”
A ƙarshe dai wasu ‘yan jakankuna ne muke iya gani na ƙasusuwan mutane a wurin. Akwai saura masu yawa da har yanzu ba a kwaso ba.
Lokacin da IS ta gama shiga Iraƙi a 2014, Amurka da Birtaniya sun tattara nasu ya nasu sun fice daga ƙasar. Tunanin jihadi ya daɗe a yankin tun kan a mamaye ƙasar, kuma harin 9/11 ya matukar ƙarfafa gwiwar masu iƙirarin jihadin.
Ba a kammala shafe tunanin jihadi da Osama Bin Laden ya kawo ba da kuma masu tsattsauran ra’ayi, sai wani zamani na hargitsi da kashe-kashe da aka fuskanta a 2003, wanda ya tunzuwa masu iƙirarin jihadi suka riƙa tayar da hankaili.
Ƙawancen sojin Amurka da ƙabilu masu yawa msun kawo ƙarshen Al-Qaeda, sai dai hakan ya haifar da kungiyar IS wadda kuma ta fi waɗancan na bayan haɗari.
Iraƙi ta fi nutsuwa a wannan shekarar sama da shekarun baya. An samu kwanciyar hankali a Bagadada da birane irin su Mosul. Amma har yau Iraƙi na ganin tasirin wannan mamaya a kullum. Hakan ya haifar da wani irin sauyi ga miliyoyin mutane ya kuma sauya fasalin ƙasar baki ɗaya.
Tsohon shugaban Iraƙi da ake wa kallon ɗan kama ƙarya Saddam Hussein – ya matuƙar cancanci a kifar da gwamnatinsa – ya ɗaure mutane da dama ya kuma kashe dubban ‘yan Iraki, ya riƙa amfani da sinadarin kyamical mai kisa kan ‘yan tawayen Kurdawa. Matsalar ita ce yadda hakan ya faru, Yadda Amurka da Birtaniya suka sa kafa suka yi fatali da dokar ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma rikicin da ya mamaye Iraƙi bayan gwamnatin Bush ta gaza cike gibin ikon da ta samar wanda hakan ya kawo sauyi.
Naje New York kwanaki kaɗan bayan an kai wa tagwayen ginin cibiyar kasuwanci hari. Wani gagarumin hari da aka kai wa dakarun Amurka ƙasar da ta fi kowacce ƙarfin soji a duniya.
Jijjigar da hare-haren suka haifar, ta sanya George Bush faɗawa cikin yaƙi da ta’addanci a duniya, kan al-Qaeda da mambobinta da suke yawan tafiye-tafiye. Firaiministan Birtaniya Tony Blair ya miƙa wuya ta hanyar tsallaka kogin Atlantic domin ya kai na shi taimakon. Ya yi amannar cewa babbar hanyar da Burtaniya za ata iya taimaka wa White House shi ne kasancewa kusa da ita
Cikin gaggawa suka cimma al-Qaeda a Afghanistan. Kafin ƙarshen shekarar, dakarun ƙawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta ta fatattaki Taliban daga iko, yayin da ta ƙi miƙa kai ga shigaban al-Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden. A wannan lokacin Kabul babban birnin Afghanistan bai ishi Amurka ba.
Shugaba Bush da masu ba shi shawara sun riƙa neman masu zama barazana ga Amurka a faɗin duniya. Sun riƙa zargin cewa ƙasashen da ba sa ga maciji da Amurka za su iya haɗa ƙawance mai haɗari da al-Qaeda da masu kwaikwayonta.
Babbar ƙasar da suka riƙa zargi ita ce Iraƙi. Amurka ta riƙa kallon Saddam Hussein a matsayin wata ƙaya tun lokacin da ya aike da dakarunsa Kuwait a 1990. Ba tare da wata hujjaba, ta ƙirƙi wata alaƙa tsakanin bangarorin biyu. A zahirin al’amari shugaban Iraƙi ɗan kama karya ne da bai damu da addini ba, hasaki ma yana yi wa masu tsattsauran ra’ayi barazana ga mulkinsa.
Mahaifin shugaban ƙasar Amurka na lokacin HW Bush, ya yanke shawarar kyale Saddam kan iko bayan dakarun kawancen duniya da Amurka ta jagoranta sun kori masu mamaya na Iraƙin daga Kuwait a 1990.
Ina Iraƙi lokacin da aka sanar da tsagaita wutar. Na iyi ammanar sojoji ba za su amince da wannan kama karyar ba ta ci gaba.
Shekara 12 bayan nan, a 2003 Amurka ta hada wani gangamin iko da domin yin aikin da mahaifinsa ya ɗauke kai. Yayin da Amurka da Birtaniya suka ga ba za su iya jiran kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke shawara ba kan mamaya da kuma sauyin soji, Bush da Blairi sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba za su ba su damar mamayar ba. Sai dai da dama ba su amince da wannan mamayar ba.
Cikin waɗanda ba su amince ba akwai Sakataren MDD na lokacin Kofi Annan, Wanda a wata hira da ya yi da BBC wata 18 bayan mamayar ya ce wannan baya cikin daftarin MDD, a wani yaren kuma ya ce haramtacciyar mamaya ce. Faransa da wasu mambobin kungiyar ƙawance ta Nato sun ƙi shiga cikin lamarin.
A gefe guda kuma Tony Blair ya yi watsi da wata gagarumar zanga-zanga da aka riƙa yi a Birtaniya, kan hukuncinsa na shiga wannan yaƙi a na sauran duka rayuwar siyasar shi.
Babu mataki mai wuyar ɗauka a wurin duk wani shugaban ƙasa ko firaiminista kamar matakin shiga yaƙi.
George Bush da Tony Blair sun shiga yaƙin gadan-gadan kuma sun kashe dubban mutane.
Hujjar da suka bayar kan mamayar cikin gaggawa ta bayyana cewa ba gaskiya ba ce.
Cikin gaggawa Amurka ta fara kai hare-hare da suka girgiza duniya, kasashe da dama sun sukar matakin Bush, kan cewa matakin zai iya lalata dimokraddiya da zaman lafiyar yankin, za kuma a iya samun tururuwar makamai a yankin.
Amma ita Amurka sai ta ce dakarunta ba kawai aminci za su samar ba ga ƙasar, a a har da samar da nutsuwa a yankin gabas ta tsakiya, hakan kuma zai bai wa dimokradiyya dama ta ratsa Syria da Iran da wasu kasashen da ke kusa.
Cikin ‘yan makonni suka hamɓarar da Saddam daga mulki
A gefen wagegen kabarin nan da ke kusa da Sinjar, ɗan faftukar mutanen Yazidi ya nemi kariya daga ƙasashen duniya.
Ya ce mayaƙan IS da suka yi kisan kare dangi a 2014, suna da karin harshe irin na ‘yan Iraƙi, wasu ma ‘yan Tel Afar ne, wani ƙauye da ke kusa da garinsu.
Farhad Barakat wanda ɗan shekara 25 ne, mai fafutukar mutanen Yazidi ne da ya tsallake rijiya da baya, bayan tsallaka wani dutse da ya yi a Sanjir. Ya ce har yanzu a tsorace suke da makotansu.
Yace makasan mutane ne da ke zagaye da su ƙabilu da kuma zuri’ar larabawa da ke makwabtaka da su. Ta yaya hakan zai yiwu? Mutanen da suka kasashe mu suka yi wa matan Yazidi fyade ‘yan Iraƙi ne.”
