Yadda tsuntsaye ke cinye wa manoman Kenya amfanin gona babu ƙaƙƙautawa

Ɗaruruwan tsuntsaye ne da ake kira quela, suka mamaye gonar shinkafan Rose Nekesa da ke arewacin Kenya.

Dubban manoma irin ta waɗanda ke noma kusa da bakin kogin birnin Kisumu ke cikin barazanar rasa amfanin gonakinsu wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba cikin shekara biyar.

"Muryata ta fara ɗaukewa saboda na kwashe ɗaukacin rana ina ta ihu domin korar tsuntsaye. Waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa tsoro,’’ in ji Rose yayin tattaunawa da BBC, inda take rike da wata sanda a hannunta ta korar tsuntsayen.

"Sun riga sun saba da mu da kuma dukkan wani abu da muka jefe su da shi."

"Idan babu tsuntsaye, zan iya aiki ni kaɗai. A yanzu, ina buƙatar akalla mutum huɗu don su taya ni aiki. Hakan yana da tsada. Muna kira ga gwamnati da ta kawo mana ɗauki. Wannan shinkafar ita ce kaɗai hanyar da muke samun kuɗaɗen tafiyar da rayuwarmu.’’

Shi ma wani karamin manomi mai suna Lawrence Odanga, yana cikin tsaka mai wuya saboda barazanar da tsuntsayen ke yi wa gonarsa.

"Ina jin su. Suna zuwa domin su kassara mu," ya faɗa tare da yin ihu.

Ya ce abu ne mai matukar wahala korar tsuntsayen duk da ɗauko hayar wasu mutum biyar domin su taimaka masa a gonarsa.

Ya ce dukkan alamomi na tsoratarwa, kama daga saka wasu alluna da alamomi ba su yi nasara ba.

"Tsuntsayen sun lalata kusan eka huɗu na gonata. Ba zan samu wani amfani ba. Ta yaya zan iya biyan kuɗin makarantar ‘ya’yana?”

Ana danganta dangin tsuntsayen ne a matsayin kwari a faɗin Gabashi da kuma Kudancin Afirka.

Kowane ɗaya daga cikin tsuntsayen kan iya cinye hatsi da ya kai gram 10 a rana. Duk da cewa ba yawa gare shi ba, sai dai, idan suka kai miliyan biyu za su iya cin hatsin da ya kai tan 20 a cikin sa’a 24.

Feshin magani

A 2021, Hukumar Samar da Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya FAO, ta yi kiyasin cewa ana rasa amfanin gona ta dalilin tsuntsaye a kowace shekara da ya kai $50m, musamman ma a yankin sahara na Afirka.

Mamayar da tsuntsayen quelea suka yi a Kisumu a baya-bayan nan, wanda ya kai tsunstaye kusan miliyan 10, sun riga sun cinye eka kusan 300 na gonakin shinkafa. A cewar hukumomi a yankin, ana kuma cikin barazanar rasa filayen shinkafa da suka kai eka 2,000 a noman bana.

Matsalar ta kuma shafi yawancin sassan ƙasar. Miliyoyin tsuntsayen, sun mamayi gonaki a kudancin lardin Narok, inda suka lalata amfanin gona da ya kai kashi 40.

Wasu masana a Kenya sun ce matsalar fari ta shekaru da dama a yankin kusurwar Afirka, wanda ya sanya rashin samun amfanin gona, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa da suka janyo mamayar tsuntsayen kan gonaki.

Sai dai, Paul Gacheru, mamba a kungiyar kula da muhalli ta Kenya, ya kalubalanci hakan, inda ya ce sauyin yanayi ne babbar matsalar da ta janyo lalata amfanin gona da tsuntsaye suka yi ba wai fari ba.

Ya nuna yatsa kan wasu tsare-tsare da ake amfani da su kan gonaki, inda ya ce yawan noma da kuma karɓe wurare, na nufin ana rasa filayen yin noma.

Ana tsammanin cewa gwamnatin Kenya ta kashe tsuntsaye kusan miliyan takwas da suka mamayi filayen noman rani a yankin Mwea, da ke sahun gaba a noman shinkafa a faɗin ƙasar.

An kuma kashe wasu miliyan biyu a Mwea duk dai a bara.

A wannan shekara, hukumomi a Kisumu, sun fara wani shiri na musamman da niyyar kashe tsunstaye miliyan shida. Ana amfani da jirage marasa matuki wajen kashe tsuntsayen ta hanyar fesa masu magani.

Ken Onyango, wanda ke jagorantar bangaren aikin gona a yankin Kisumu, ya ce feshin magani ne kaɗai hanyar magance matsalar domin ceto gonakin shinkafar da ke cikin barazanar tsuntsayen.

'Ba za ku iya kashe su duka ba'

Feshin magani ba shi da kyau ga sauran nau'in da ba na tsuntsayen ba.

Sakamakon haka, masana kimiyyar muhalli da masu fafutuka na kungiyoyin kare dabbobi sun yi gargadin cewa feshin zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga yanayin halittu da sauran nau'in tsirrai da dabbobi da kuma lafiyar ɗan adam.

"Tambayar ita ce, ta ya ya kuke shirin zama tare da tsuntsaye? Domin ba za ku iya dukkan su ba, domin ɗan Adam ya samu wurin zama ba," in ji Raphael Kapiyo, farfesa a kimiyyar muhalli da kasa a Jami'ar Maseno.

"Amma fiye da haka, muna cewa amfani da sinadarai kan tsuntsayen yana da haɗari sosai."

Farfesan ya ce yana son amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin gargajiya, hanyoyin da suka dace da muhalli - kamar tsoratarwa ko tarko da cin tsuntsaye - don magance matsalar tsuntsayen.

Sai dai, kowace hanya aka yi amfani da ita, ga manoman, suna ganin ba a ɗauki mataki da wuri ba saboda tuni tsunstayen suka cinye wasu amfanin gona. Ba a samu damar girbe koda da rabin abin da aka noma ba.

Waɗanda ke kusa da lardin Kisumu, sun ce tsuntsayen na ci gaba da yi musu ɓarna.

Rose Nekesa da ta kasance manomiyar shinkafa, na shirin fuskantar rashin amfanin gona mafi muni.

Tun da farko ta yi hasashen cewa za ta iya girbe buhu 50 na shinkafa a bana. Amma a yanzu, tana sa ran samun buhu 30 kaɗai.

"Abin da muke buƙata daga wajen gwamnati shi ne ta ɗauke mana waɗannan tsuntsayen daga nan,’’ in ji Rose.