Ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar da aka ƙirƙiro sun yi wasan kwamfuta

Masu bincike sun samar da kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa a dakin kimiyya, kwayoyin da suka koyi wasan kwamfuta irin na kwallon tennis na shekarun 1970, da ake kira Pong. Masanan sun ce 'yar mitsitsiyar kwakwalwar kwayoyin tana iya sanin muhallin da kwayoyin suke har ma su yi abin da ake bukata su yi. A wani bayani da ya wallafa a mujallar nan ta Neuron, Dr Brett Kagan, na kamfanin Cortical Labs, ya yi ikirarin cewa sun kirkiro kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa na farko a dakin binciken kimiyya a cikin baho. Sauran wasu kwararru sun bayyana aikin a matsayin abin ban sha’awa da birgewa amma kuma sun ce bayyana kwayoyin da cewa suna sanin muhallin da suke har kuma su yi abin da muhallin ke bukata su yi, abin ya wuce gona da iri. Dr Kagan ya ce "Ba mu san wani suna da za mu iya bayyana wannan abu ba da ya wuce yadda muka bayyana shi,’’ "Abu ne fa da yake iya karbar sako daga wani abu, ya kuma mayar da martani na zahiri," in ji kwararren. An bullo da irin wadannan kananan kwakwale da farko a shekara ta 2013, domin nazarin wata matsala ta kwayoyin halitta, da ke sa kwakwalwa zama 'yar karama. Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ake amfani da su wajen bincike kan yadda za a bunkasa kwakwalwa. To amma a wannan lokacin ne kawai aka taba hada su mu'amulla da wani abu na waje, inda a nan din aka sa su wasan kwamfuta. Kwararrun sun : • Samar da kwakwalwar mutum daga 'yan kananan kwayoyin halitta wasu kuma daga 'yan tayin bera inda suka samar da tarin kwayoyin halittar na kwakwalwar har 800,000 • Hada wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa da 'yan wayoyi da wasan na kwamfuta, inda ta haka suke sanin ina kwallon take da kuma yadda za su buga ta. A martaninsu kwayoyin halittar suna yin motsi inda suma suke fitar da wani birbishi na laturoni.  Yayin da suke yin wasan yawan karfin da suke zagewa suna amfani da shin a raguwa.  To amma idan kwallon ta kai inda za a iya cewa wasan ya kare za a sake sabon lale, sai kwayoyin halittar su sake zage damtse da kusan karin kuzari fiye da na baya.  Kwakwalen na koyar yadda wannan wasa yake a cikin minti biyar.  Wani lokaci suna kasa samun buga kwallon, amma dai yadda suke buga kwallon kusan za a iya cewa ba canke suke suke yi ba, suna sanin yadda suke buga kwallon.  Sai dai kwararrun sun ce duk da cewa kwayoyin halittar suna wasan da kyau amma ba da sanin yadda mutane ya kamata su yi ba. Wasan kwallon tennis cikin maye Dr Kagan na fatan wannan fasaha za ta iya taimakawa wajen gwajin hanyoyin da za a magance cutukan kwakwalwa kamar cutar mantuwa.  Kwararren ya ce amfanin irin wannan nazari shi ne a san yadda za a iya amfani da shi a Zahiri wajen samar da wasu ci-gaba a wasu fannonin nan gaba.  Abu na gaba in ji Dr Kagan shi ne suna son su ga yadda tasirin barasa yake a kan kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa a wasan kwallon na tennis na kwamfuta.  Idan har barasar za ta yi tasiri a kansu kamar yadda take yi a kan kwakwalwa, wannan zai nuna irin amfanin da za a samu a binciken a gaba. Bayanin Dr Kagan na danganta kwayoyin kwakwalwar da suka kirkiro da cewa suna sanin muhallin da suke su kuma yi abu daidai da inda suka samu kansu, hakan ya saba da ma’anar da yawancin kamus-kamus suka bayyana na wannan kalma da ya yi amfani da ita (sentient).  Maimakon haka Dr Dean Burnett mai nazari kan ilimin halayyar dan-Adam a Jami’ar Cardiff yana ganin zai fi dacewa a kira abin da suka kirkiro da sunan ‘’ tsarin aikin tunani’’.  Wannan gagarumin ci-gaba da kwararrun suka samu ga alama zai iya kaiwa ga samar da karin alfanu da ilimi a nan gaba kasancewar masanan na aiki da hadin guiwar wasu masu binciken domin fadada ilimin.  Dr Burnett y ace, kamata ya yi a dauki wannan ci-gaba a matsayin wani dan-ba, kamar yadda ya kasance a fagen samar da kwamfuta, wadda daga farko aka fara abu kadan-kadan amma bayan wasu shekaru na fadada bincike abu ya burunkasa a fadin duniya.  Tuni kwararrun masu bincike da ke samar da na’urori masu fasahar kwamfuta suka kirkiro na’urori da kan doke gagararrun kwararru a wasan dara (chess). To amma Farfesa Karl Friston, na Jami’ar London wanda yake aiki tare da Dr Kagan, ya ce: "Karamar kwakwalwar da aka kirkiro tana koyon yadda za ta yi abu ba tare da an koya mat aba, saboda haka ta fi dacewa da kuma saukin sarrafawa."

Masu bincike sun samar da kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa a dakin kimiyya, kwayoyin da suka koyi wasan kwamfuta irin na kwallon tennis na shekarun 1970, da ake kira Pong. Masanan sun ce 'yar mitsitsiyar kwakwalwar kwayoyin tana iya sanin muhallin da kwayoyin suke har ma su yi abin da ake bukata su yi. A wani bayani da ya wallafa a mujallar nan ta Neuron, Dr Brett Kagan, na kamfanin Cortical Labs, ya yi ikirarin cewa sun kirkiro kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa na farko a dakin binciken kimiyya a cikin baho. Sauran wasu kwararru sun bayyana aikin a matsayin abin ban sha’awa da birgewa amma kuma sun ce bayyana kwayoyin da cewa suna sanin muhallin da suke har kuma su yi abin da muhallin ke bukata su yi, abin ya wuce gona da iri. Dr Kagan ya ce "Ba mu san wani suna da za mu iya bayyana wannan abu ba da ya wuce yadda muka bayyana shi,’’ "Abu ne fa da yake iya karbar sako daga wani abu, ya kuma mayar da martani na zahiri," in ji kwararren. An bullo da irin wadannan kananan kwakwale da farko a shekara ta 2013, domin nazarin wata matsala ta kwayoyin halitta, da ke sa kwakwalwa zama 'yar karama. Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ake amfani da su wajen bincike kan yadda za a bunkasa kwakwalwa. To amma a wannan lokacin ne kawai aka taba hada su mu'amulla da wani abu na waje, inda a nan din aka sa su wasan kwamfuta. Kwararrun sun : • Samar da kwakwalwar mutum daga 'yan kananan kwayoyin halitta wasu kuma daga 'yan tayin bera inda suka samar da tarin kwayoyin halittar na kwakwalwar har 800,000 • Hada wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa da 'yan wayoyi da wasan na kwamfuta, inda ta haka suke sanin ina kwallon take da kuma yadda za su buga ta. A martaninsu kwayoyin halittar suna yin motsi inda suma suke fitar da wani birbishi na laturoni.  Yayin da suke yin wasan yawan karfin da suke zagewa suna amfani da shin a raguwa.  To amma idan kwallon ta kai inda za a iya cewa wasan ya kare za a sake sabon lale, sai kwayoyin halittar su sake zage damtse da kusan karin kuzari fiye da na baya.  Kwakwalen na koyar yadda wannan wasa yake a cikin minti biyar.  Wani lokaci suna kasa samun buga kwallon, amma dai yadda suke buga kwallon kusan za a iya cewa ba canke suke suke yi ba, suna sanin yadda suke buga kwallon.  Sai dai kwararrun sun ce duk da cewa kwayoyin halittar suna wasan da kyau amma ba da sanin yadda mutane ya kamata su yi ba. Wasan kwallon tennis cikin maye Dr Kagan na fatan wannan fasaha za ta iya taimakawa wajen gwajin hanyoyin da za a magance cutukan kwakwalwa kamar cutar mantuwa.  Kwararren ya ce amfanin irin wannan nazari shi ne a san yadda za a iya amfani da shi a Zahiri wajen samar da wasu ci-gaba a wasu fannonin nan gaba.  Abu na gaba in ji Dr Kagan shi ne suna son su ga yadda tasirin barasa yake a kan kwayoyin halitta na kwakwalwa a wasan kwallon na tennis na kwamfuta.  Idan har barasar za ta yi tasiri a kansu kamar yadda take yi a kan kwakwalwa, wannan zai nuna irin amfanin da za a samu a binciken a gaba. Bayanin Dr Kagan na danganta kwayoyin kwakwalwar da suka kirkiro da cewa suna sanin muhallin da suke su kuma yi abu daidai da inda suka samu kansu, hakan ya saba da ma’anar da yawancin kamus-kamus suka bayyana na wannan kalma da ya yi amfani da ita (sentient).  Maimakon haka Dr Dean Burnett mai nazari kan ilimin halayyar dan-Adam a Jami’ar Cardiff yana ganin zai fi dacewa a kira abin da suka kirkiro da sunan ‘’ tsarin aikin tunani’’.  Wannan gagarumin ci-gaba da kwararrun suka samu ga alama zai iya kaiwa ga samar da karin alfanu da ilimi a nan gaba kasancewar masanan na aiki da hadin guiwar wasu masu binciken domin fadada ilimin.  Dr Burnett y ace, kamata ya yi a dauki wannan ci-gaba a matsayin wani dan-ba, kamar yadda ya kasance a fagen samar da kwamfuta, wadda daga farko aka fara abu kadan-kadan amma bayan wasu shekaru na fadada bincike abu ya burunkasa a fadin duniya.  Tuni kwararrun masu bincike da ke samar da na’urori masu fasahar kwamfuta suka kirkiro na’urori da kan doke gagararrun kwararru a wasan dara (chess). To amma Farfesa Karl Friston, na Jami’ar London wanda yake aiki tare da Dr Kagan, ya ce: "Karamar kwakwalwar da aka kirkiro tana koyon yadda za ta yi abu ba tare da an koya mat aba, saboda haka ta fi dacewa da kuma saukin sarrafawa."