Forward? Analyzing the Political Economy of Ghana.
South Korea went from a poor country devastated by
war to an OECD member in 50 years. In the same period of time Ghana went from
a country with a high potential for take off to one that stagnated at best and
standards of living declined or backwardness.
In many parts of the
country, hundreds of kilometers of colonial roads have disappeared, schools and
clinics are in dilapidated state and social infrastructure have been allowed to
collapse. In 55 years not even a single kilometer of railway line has been
constructed and the one the colonial rulers left have been allowed to
deteriorate and collapsed. Something is definitely wrong and needs to be put
right now. Leadership failures and an incurable greed have been our bane. Our
motherland is under enormous strain today due to the unbridled quest for
material gains using the state machinery. Cronyism, nepotism, favouritism,
political patronage are turning the democratic governance on its head. When
will political leaders ever roll up their sleeves and get to work for mother
Ghana rather than seeking to fill their pockets first acquiring material gains?
Much has been said about Ghana as an economy on the move
recently: One of the best performing economies in Africa
and the world at large given its 14% growth rate in 2011. However, let's look
at the following: What's the unemployment rate? Average household income? Has
it risen over the years and by how much? On all these fronts, the news is not
good. "It's exciting, it's challenging, there are limited opportunities and
there are lots of frustrations as wellâ€. A friend who recently returned home
remarked.
The country is in deep crisis and the biggest problems at
hand now are corruption, poverty, and unemployment. The labour force in the
country is growing at 5% per annum or more creating unprecedented labour tensions
and the result is a huge unemployment problem among the youth. More than half
of the jobless rate in Ghana
today is accounted for by people in their 20′s and 30′s. This is very alarming.
Figures are hard to get by but it is abundantly clear that about six out of ten
University graduates this year are without jobs not to count Secondary school
and TechnicalSchool graduates.
There is no system in place to absorb new graduates into the
workforce as new graduates are left on their own to fend for themselves. I was
moved to tears the other day as I listened to a forty something year old
University graduate giving a testimony at church for landing his first job. He
was so happy and thankful to God for giving him his first job. Obviously I was
happy for him too because he counts himself so lucky to have a job while many
of his colleagues were still searching. But at 40? In many places, at 40 you
are already a senior manager not starting your first job and there is no cause
for celebration. The need to create new opportunities is more crucial than
ever. The dilemma facing us now is not only that more than 250,000 people join
the job market every year, but that many of them are well educated and
naturally have higher expectations.
Lack of job after the first degree forces some people back
to school hoping that if they get a Masters degree things would be better but
they come out to meet even a tougher job market. How can we take care of our
youth as a nation if we don’t care whether they are getting the right experience
at the right time? The fear of the unknown has kept many Ghanaian graduates
from foreign universities staying abroad. They are scared they may not get a
job if they come home. The jobless rate rose as “positive change†and “better Ghana†failed
to create jobs for new graduates entering the job market but helped those in
government to develop 'pot bellies'. Since there is an absence of a viable
private sector in Ghana,
the onus of creating jobs fall squarely on the shoulders of the government, and
government needs to create about 400,000 jobs annually if the unemployment rate
is to reduce. The government must take the lead in economic development and not
leave it to a non existent private sector.
Yet the newly rich and their wealth are on display everyday:
New flashy cars, even private jets, luxury malls and supermarkets, expensive
restaurants, quality arts and concerts and frivolous beauty contests whose tickets go for anywhere between 50 -100
dollars for a country where over 60% of its population live on less than 2
dollars a day.
How are public work construction projects faring under the
so called boom in our economy? No meaningful development can take place under a
situation where the country’s infrastructure is dilapidated and no public work
projects are underway to rejuvenate them for real developmental takeoff. No
city center redevelopment projects are being undertaken to facelift our cities, Accra stinks to
high heavens from the dirty gutters and its deplorable sanitation problem. No
public transport (railways, buses, trams etc) redevelopment. No high rise
business towers being put up. No public housing projects in a country with such
a huge housing deficit. No new hospitals or expansion of existing ones. There
is a huge infrastructure deficit: Can Ghana’s infrastructure handle its
growth?
What do you see in
reality:
May be Ghana
is growing and getting richer, but not everyone is earning a resource (Oil)
sector wage. The benefits of the boom are far from being shared. There must be
a shared prosperity, shared opportunities, and shared responsibilities for all.
One of the things we have seen in recent years is a dramatic increase in the
divide between those who have and those who have not. The rate of development
we have been seeing here with the limited oil industry we have has pushed up
the cost of living factors quite dramatically because there’s so much stress on
the economy and on community resources. Go to Takoradi now and verify things
for yourself. It makes you wonder if the so called oil curse has not set in
already.
Accra
and Takoradi are now pricier than Johannesburg, Lagos, Cairo
etc Everything feels expensive from coca cola to movie ticket. A night out is
very expensive on all fronts. But the biggest impact is on the housing market.
Already we have a huge housing deficit. Rents are up over 100% in the last few
years There’s a country wide housing crunch. Average family income lags far
behind the cost of living. If you talk about people on minimum wage, and those
who have no jobs (there’s no income support from the state), then lots of
people are really starving. The new phenomenon is the working poor: People who
are in employment but cannot afford the cost of living because they are
collecting minimum wage which can barely scrape the surface of this outrageous
cost of living situation in the country.
We might be the fastest growing economy but we have no train
stations worthy of service and no real highway of note except the George W.
Bush highway and the motorway. A friend just remarked George W. Bush did more
for Ghana’s
development than any other Ghanaian leader with the possible exception of
Nkrumah with no pun intended.
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Across the country the pressure is being felt: Common
complaints are clogged roads, erratic electricity supply, frequent water
shortages, dirty environment, delays in accessing healthcare etc.The country
has to concentrate on liveability issues: The critical thing is to formulate
long term strategy. How would you make Ghana a better place and Accra a better city to
live in? Almost good is not good enough. Long term development strategy is
needed to tackle issues that are of strategic importance to Ghana.
Leadership is not about how much money you make for yourself
and your family but how much difference you make in people’s lives and how you
change lives forever. We owe the next generation a better Ghana than we
found it. We are called to build something better so that the next generation
can go on to build more than we could ever imagine. A lot in politics are just
interested in having a job where everything is offered them free of charge
rather than doing the job. They are just interested in the perks of office and
occupying an office rather than doing the job.
The priority should be to do everything possible to wage a
battle against poverty, raise living standards, and encourage businesses to
thrive. Some 10 million Ghanaians live on less than one dollar a day, this is
unacceptable and a shame. Ghana’s
poor are less inclined to vote than the middle class because they have kind of
resigned themselves to fate, that no politician nor political party can make a
difference in their lives, thus virtually guaranteeing that their discontent
would not prevail on the election day. Elections 2000 and 2008 were the turning
points and just as there was a yearning for change in 2000 and 2008 that drove
the people to the polls, I can sense the same yearning for change now and that
will show in Election 2012. The Ghanaian electorate is growing impatient with
the incompetence and greed of their political leaders.
Ben Ofosu-Appiah,
Tokyo, Japan.
The writer is a senior political and socio economic analyst and policy
strategist based in Tokyo, Japan. He welcomes your comments.
Contact him here: do4luv27@yahoo.com
