Did you know that "the Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval Ghana Empire of West Africa? And that Ghana was the title of the kings who ruled the kingdom?" Sundiata was one of the powerful kings of the Empire of Ghana. He controlled it in 1240 AD! Perhaps, I dare say: "if Sundiata were alive today, Ghana as a nation would have even been more powerful than the United States under George Bush." Why this comparison at this time? What happened to Africa before the slave trade and the colonization of that continent by some Europeans? Does the independence of the Republic of Ghana have any relevance to African Heritage and the total emancipation of the Black people in Diaspora? Remember the famous speech of the First President of present Ghana on the eve of independence that, T! HE INDEPENDENCE OF GHANA IS MEANINGLESS UNLESS IT IS LINKED UP TO THE TOTAL LIBERATION OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT?
The months of February and March see Ghanaians in Diaspora celebrating African Heritage (Black History) Month and the Independence Anniversary of Ghana every year. What meaning do we make of these celebrations? And what contributions do we bring to make these landmarks in history MORE MEANINGFUL to the world? Maybe, a little bit of history will help.
The Mamprussi, Dagoma, the Gonja and the Akans of present Ghana as well as the Mandikas of Senegal/Gambia are believed to have had ancestors linked with medieval Ghana.
As history has it, before March 1957 Ghana was called the Gold Coast. During the 15th Century the Portuguese visited the coast of Ghana. They discovered that the land between the rivers Ankobra and the Volta was full of gold that they named the land Mina- meaning Mine. The Portuguese built a castle at Elmina in 1482 to trade in gold ivory and slaves. The Dutch also joined them in 1598 and built forts at Komenda and Kormanstsil. Other European traders from Britain, Denmark and Sweden also joined in by mid-18th Century. However, many of them withdrew later and Britain colonized the Gold Coast by 1874. The British made the North and the Ashanti a protectorate by 1901.
It must be mentioned that Ghana since the 1800s had had sons and daughters who had always been in the forefront of constructive movements. I remember names like Dr. Aggrey, George Ferguson, John Mensah Sarbah, Nana Ghartey IV of Winneba, Otumfuo Agyeman Prempeh I, and Ohemaa Yaa Asantewaa of Ejisu.
After the Second World War Dr. J. B. Danquah formed the United Gold Coast Conversion (UGCC) in 1947. He invited Dr. Kwame Nkrumah to come to be the General Secretary to this party. The party which included great sons of the land such as Akuffo Addo, Paa Grant, William Ofori Atta, Obetsebi Lamptey, Ako Agyei and J. Tsiboe was to fight for independence for the Gold Coast. Eventually, this objective was achieved on March 6, 1957 under the leadership of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah who had broken away from the UGCC to form the Convention People's Party (CPP).
Thus, the Gold Coast on the eve of its freedom from British rule became known as Ghana-named after the medieval Ghana Empire of West Africa.