Letter from Africa: Ghana's street lawyers dispense instant justice

In our series of letters from African journalists, Kenya's Joseph Warungu marvels at Ghana's concept of offering quick and cheap legal services in alleyways.

On a visit to Ghana's capital, Accra, I was in urgent need of a lawyer's services and was directed to the High Court premises.

I looked everywhere but could not find any chambers of private lawyers near the High Court, until someone directed me to a narrow alleyway at the back of the court buildings.

As soon as I entered the street, I was immediately surrounded by hawkers of legal services:

"Sir, you want a notary public? This way sir!" shouted one hawker.

"You need a will this minute sir?" enquired another.

"You want to change your name? An affidavit for you, sir? No problem, sir, five minutes sir," pleaded another "legal aide".

Welcome to the world of Ghana's "street lawyers".

They sit in makeshift offices, moulded out of old shipping containers. For many of them an umbrella, a chair and a table are enough to form a "chamber".

Some operate under the blazing sun or in sweaty little cubicles.

The people who offer legal services here are mainly commissioners for oaths, paralegals or letter writers.

However, a few claim to be qualified lawyers, with conventional offices situated elsewhere.

But it is hard to see how the General Legal Council of Ghana would allow a trained lawyer to practise in this kind of environment because it has a reputation of strictly supervising legal practice in Ghana.



The commissioners for oaths come complete with old-school typewriters and photocopying machines that a museum would happily buy for exhibition.

The typewriters are useful because there is no electricity.

Despite the modest setting, legal services, ranging from a one-page witness statement to a complex contract, are processed efficiently and at a pocket-friendly rate.

'Go find a toilet'

Clients can be seen waiting patiently on wooden benches, while some of the instructions to the legal experts are pushed through the High Court perimeter fence for quick action.

The business here is so informal that as one paralegal was attending to me, a man inside the court compound unzipped his trousers without warning and let off a jet of urine.

We were only alerted to this when the wind gently blew the contents of his bladder through the wire mesh fence and into our faces.

The agitated legal assistant seated next to me quickly rolled up a document and started banging on the fence yelling to the man: "Go find a toilet!"

Jacob Quaye is a commissioner for oaths operating in his makeshift chambers.

He is a retired clerk of the court and believes his services are important.

"What we do here lessens the burden on the court registrar," says Mr Quaye.

"People come to us because our services are efficient and affordable. It's a profitable job too," he adds.

Tax hike

By 11:00 Mr Quaye had served 10 clients. On average he attends to around 20 a day.

Charges run from as low as five Ghanaian cedis ($1; £0.50) to swear an affidavit to 1,000 cedis for "Letters of Administration".

But for Margaret Mensah whose "chambers" are not far from Mr Quaye's, business is not so great.

She says sometimes she does not any get customers at all and blames this on "Goro boys".

This is the term used in Ghana for middlemen or brokers, who are present in almost every area where public services are offered.



"There are times you just come and sit the whole day, and get nothing, because Goro boys are standing around taking over our work," Ms Mensah says.

Some of the commissioners have raised concerns about an increase in taxes, which they say threatens their job.

They told me they used to pay an annual tax of 230 cedis, but this has now more than doubled, to 530.

In this informal setting, the legal assistants, who draw up the documents, might easily be mistaken for hair-dressers who chat and gossip incessantly - but they know their work and they make things happen.



In a country where it is estimated that more than half of the official legal market is controlled by four major firms, not everyone can afford the services of their posh air-conditioned offices.

And so legal business in the open streets and under the roofs of hot metal containers is thriving.

In the 30 minutes that it took to prepare and execute my documents, my elderly legal expert had also served five other clients.

Alexander Kyei Frimpong, who came to a commissioner for oaths to get a letter to withdraw a case from court, told me the services were "cool and very helpful".

He explained that they reduce the burden of going through long bureaucratic procedures to get the same thing done at the registrar's office.

That is the world I know in my country, Kenya, where visiting a lawyer is a rather sombre affair, carried out in a sombre environment, and followed by a bill that immediately sobers up your mind.

It is not a place for idle talk. To see the lawyer, you have to pass through a handful of secretaries and assistants.



But on the streets of Accra, you can walk directly to a legal expert or commissioner for oaths dozing off the effects of the hot sun, who immediately offers you space on a rickety wooden bench and business begins.

When Kenya needed its services the most - to try and bring sanity to the electoral process by delaying the recent re-run of the presidential election - the Supreme Court could not raise enough judges to form a quorum.

Perhaps the highest court in Kenya should borrow a leaf from Ghana and try a bit street justice?