Road Traffic Accidents: A hidden public health emergency in Ghana

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) constitute an escalating public health crisis in Ghana, resulting in thousands of fatalities and injuries each year. Despite their devastating impact, RTAs frequently remain eclipsed by more conventionally acknowledged health hazards.

However, the toll they take on individuals, families, and the healthcare system demands urgent attention, particularly when viewed through the lens of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic illnesses.

According to the Motor Traffic and Transport Department (MTTD) of the Ghana Police Service, Ghana recorded 14,135 road crashes in 2023, resulting in 2,276 fatalities and 15,409 injuries.

The National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) further reported that between January and June 2024, there were 6,653 crashes involving 11,283 vehicles, leading to 1,237 deaths and 7,561 injuries. These statistics highlight the persistent and severe nature of RTAs in the country.

While hypertension, pneumonia, and heart disease are the biggest killers, RTAs remain one of the most pressing public health crises due to their high morbidity, economic burden, and preventability.

In terms of mortality, RTAs are among the top five causes of death in Ghana. However, when factoring in injuries, hospital burden, and economic losses, RTAs may be the single most significant cause of acute health crises in the country.

RTAs substantially exacerbate the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (e.g. hypertension, pneumonia etc.). Survivors of vehicular accidents frequently endure long-term disabilities such as spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and amputations.

These conditions often lead to chronic pain, reduced mobility, and lifelong dependence on healthcare services. Furthermore, the psychological trauma linked to RTAs can increase the risk of mental health conditions, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The association between road traffic accidents and chronic diseases transcends beyond mere physical injury. Prolonged hospitalization reduced physical activity, and loss of employment due to disability can increase the risk of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. This dual burden strains an already overwhelmed healthcare system, which must address both immediate trauma care and long-term chronic disease management.

The urgency to tackle RTAs should mirror the efforts invested in combating diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and cardiovascular disorders. The fatality from RTAs is abrupt and avoidable, and their long-term impact on survivors can be just as debilitating as any chronic illness. Additionally, RTAs place a heavy economic burden on families and the healthcare system, draining resources that could be allocated to other public health priorities.