By Sydney Casely-Hayford, www.bizghana.com
Reading the recent report from Standard and Poor’s there is this gut
instinct of outrage, how dare them. Yet a contradictory sinking
feeling of belonging to a developing world where neither local nor
international public statements impact the political economy as
promptly as one would like.
Would that there is a wizard’s wand, which could wave away the
potholes and choked sewers, the traffic jams, the street hawkers,
illegal structures at Agbogbloshie and other places, the stench of
the Korle lagoon and all of those visual poverty indicators that we
can fix without foreign direct investment. Unfortunately, we have no
such political magic.
A leading international rating agency, Standard and Poor’s, last week
reduced Ghana’s sovereign rating from B+ to B. In a previous report,
Forbes, one of the most authoritative financial magazines had
commented on Ghana’s “mismanaged” economy. Initially, the Ghana
Government had raised a hue and cry, but Tuesday, Government has
decided that they do not intend to borrow on the international bond
market soon anyway. So be it. Whether it be sour grapes or good
business sense is difficult to determine. I would advise that you do
not go to the market without the best of ratings anyway.
All this notwithstanding both Forbes and S&P got the numbers wrong.
Much has been said and written already about Forbes’ basis but we
need to look at the S&P reasons for downgrading our status. The
numbers from both are questionable, but we do not need an outsider to
come and tell us that all is not well with us.
Bear in mind that ratings is not a scientific determination but a
derivative of some financial data and a large measure of
interpretation of the abilities of the “managers” of an entity, in
this case the Government of Ghana, we have to be as objective as we
can about our own economic performance. International rating
agencies such as S&P and Fitch are first to admit that their
conclusions are subjective opinions of their analysts. However,
their expertise is honed in their abilities over the years,
acceptance of their accuracy and they are seen to be independent of
influence by both regulatory and private business. They are accepted
as credible and a necessary part of the capitalist model. But they
do get it wrong sometimes!
So, my sentiments in the opening paragraph aside, what did S&P give
as reasons for the B rating?
Their analyst, Ravi Bhatia, mentions the “cumulative effect of a
large and erratic fiscal deficit”. There is no one in Ghana who does
not know this. Most of us will not have the numbers at our
fingertips, but this Government itself has said on every platform
that it can find, that they inherited a huge deficit from the NPP
administration. Every radio-listening Ghanaian has heard of the
deficits, both in English and the local languages. This figure is
targeted at 8% of GDP and not 1.2% as stated by S&P.
His next point talks about “substantial supplier arrears”. Please
stand up and be counted if you are not aware that Government is not
paying its contractors and suppliers. As it is now, Government’s
fiscal prudence is to drag arrears to contractors into 2013. This
plan is supported by the IFC in its Extended Credit Review, which
took place in May this year. All contractors are cash strapped and
new contracts are not being serviced, not to count the backlog that
is growing by the month.
That takes us to the next, “high debt levels”. Is this Government
not borrowing from anywhere it can find cheap money? We just sat on
tenterhooks for 2 weeks of parliamentary debate on a $10billion loan
from Korea. Was this not an issue and a lot of brouhaha by the
legislature? And there are many loans we do not hear about. This
one was high profile and controversial enough. That borrowing alone
is close to 60% of our current GDP.
Ravi next mentions “loss-making state-owned enterprises”. Ok, you
have to be old enough to remember that this goes back even to Nkrumah
and the CPP government. Dare I say that has anyone seen the
financial statements of the SOE’s? The most classic and one that we
have all heard about is Tema Oil Refinery (TOR). Only this year,
Government stepped in to pay Ghc445million to Ghana Commercial Bank
as part of the debt owed to them by TOR. That debt alone was the
equivalent of 1.7% of GDP. Including other public utilities, the
debt level owed to banks is 6% of GDP. We have a lot of these SOE’s
and we know about their performance record.
Finally, the S&P analyst brings up the issue of “problems in the
banking sector”. Now this is not at all contentious. Non-performing
loans have ballooned from 7% in 2007 to 20% in 2010. The majority of
the defaulters are contractors and real estate developers. The key
player in all this is Government. The supplier arrears are causing
most of these companies to default, banks are becoming risk averse
and lending is constrained. We are borrowing at an average of 24%,
the highest in the sub-region and manufacturing is collapsing from
high electric and water tariffs as well as a lack of incentives from
Government.
I live here in Ghana, as do most of us. Is this not a true
reflection of what we are going through at this time? Every time the
politicians create tension when it comes to voting, we lose
credibility in the finance world. Every time we remove heads of
institutions because of political affiliation we suffer same. When
we “review” contracts because a previous government awarded a
contract and politicians either want the contract for their own
person or just to be vindictive, we drop our uprightness in the eyes
of the world. Once we attack public opinion using innocuous laws to
intimidate liberal views, and party rabble-rousers (foot soldiers)
threaten to bypass the laws that guide us all as a civil body we are
bound to feel the effect of international opinion.
We are saying all this ourselves, yet we object to it being used in
analyzing our own situation and we object to the grade we are given
based on what we all know to be true?
I am disappointed, as will most Ghanaians that we have been marked
down, when we have achieved so much recently. But just because we
nearly made history at the World cup does not mean we get a soft
landing all the time. This is a wake up call for our Government.
Taking a sour grapes approach is not the answer. Fundamentally, we
must feed ourselves as a nation. We must clean up after ourselves.
We must fill our potholes and make the roads motor able. We must
create more and import less and we must stop the political fights and
lawlessness.
This is why the Forbes and the S&P’s can look at where we are and say
it is not good enough, and honestly, it is not good enough! We have
found a commodity that makes money shoot up faster than a winged bean
and this world is looking at us very closely. Our actions now count
for a lot.
Sydney Casely-Hayford
