Danquah was only interested in spying on his own country Ghana,the nation he claimed to love by doing the dirty work for the CIA,thinking they will finally "install" him the president of Ghana.
But God said no,Danquah,l know ... read full comment
Danquah was only interested in spying on his own country Ghana,the nation he claimed to love by doing the dirty work for the CIA,thinking they will finally "install" him the president of Ghana.
But God said no,Danquah,l know how dirty your mind & heart is.I have not chosen you! .God is saying the same thing to Akuffo Addo,that Nana,I could have listened to you when you came knocking your head against the wailing wall in Israel,a people & land I have chosen & blessed! .But I have not called or chosen you over your people! .I know your heart & mind! .
Kojo T 8 years ago
1JBD and cohorts did not believe the Blackman can run his own affairs.What they wanted was a devolution of power so the Chiefs and elites will be local over lords of the colonial masters.Why should they plan as they are waiti ... read full comment
1JBD and cohorts did not believe the Blackman can run his own affairs.What they wanted was a devolution of power so the Chiefs and elites will be local over lords of the colonial masters.Why should they plan as they are waiting for "massa"Most crave to be Assimilados , "whites in Black skins" Compare the way Auffo Addo speaks English to that of Nkrumah . Today we continue the fight of our grand master Ëconomic independence"by way of Unity and industrialization. The BRICS group have taken a step a copy of Nkrumah.s ideology of setting up a Bank that will rival the Bretton Woods as an alternative the these colonial ad imperialist structures being used to keep us down .Well done FK
Mahmoud 8 years ago
When you don't believe in pluralism and try to exterminate all those with alternative viewpoints or different methods of development other than communist dictatorship, how can you now turn round to claim that there is no any ... read full comment
When you don't believe in pluralism and try to exterminate all those with alternative viewpoints or different methods of development other than communist dictatorship, how can you now turn round to claim that there is no any other viable alternative except yours when you know for certain that your dead ideas have already been buried in Ghana and in the world? Except, off course, in South Korea?
China now chooses a president for 10years contrary to what Mao and Nkrumah believed and practiced. It has also gotten rid of the communist mode of development that Nkrumah killed and maimed Ghanaians just to drag them into fully. Even Cuba today is trying to liberate itself from the yolk of communism and fascism. Nevertheless, the communist relics in our midst have the right to make their own noise before they pass away completely.
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
BY DR. SAS, ATTORNEY AT LAW
READ:
"....Biological sciences affirm the notion that all humankind are equal, and that exposure to knowledge and culture accounts for why some are more inclined than others to achieve greatnes ... read full comment
BY DR. SAS, ATTORNEY AT LAW
READ:
"....Biological sciences affirm the notion that all humankind are equal, and that exposure to knowledge and culture accounts for why some are more inclined than others to achieve greatness, power and wealth...Therefore the defining variable in mental development is “opportunity” which establishes the most legitimate intellectual differentials in the cognitive abilities of groups and individuals.../
\...It is in the context of all this knowledge that Ghana’s first president, soon after independence, deemed it fit and proper to concentrate on the formal school system to boost the African personality and to merge the tribes under one great banner of nationhood . Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s vision for Ghana was the elevation of the confidence of the African and the unity of the nation and her people. This vision extended beyond Ghana’s borders to include the whole of Africa. What Nkrumah conceived of nationhood made philosophical sense because without knowledge and unity, no country can claim nationhood. If ignorance makes people show greater allegiances to tribes at the expense of the nation, then the survival of the nation is under serious threat. For a country to be a nation, her people will have to subsume ethnicity under the aegis of the national interest. The present conflicts amongst the tribes, though so far verbal, is a testimony that our country comprises nations within the state. In effect, we of this generation have repudiated the concept of nationhood with our ethnic animosity and undermined the very tenets under which the nation was founded..." (6 February 2007, Ghanaweb, Samuel Adjei Sarfo, J.D., AKA, Dr. SAS, Attorney at Law).
Mahmoud 8 years ago
Nkrumah was in power for sixteen years and turned himself into a president for life when he realized that his popularity had waned. In the sixties, and after he had squandered the huge reserve, the country started to sink and ... read full comment
Nkrumah was in power for sixteen years and turned himself into a president for life when he realized that his popularity had waned. In the sixties, and after he had squandered the huge reserve, the country started to sink and Ghanaians visibly yearned for a change. But since Nkrumah had shut all the doors and channels that could have been used by Ghanaians to exercise their political will of changing him democratically through the ballot box freely, they had no option other than to force him out of office through a military coup. Therefore, the coup that removed Kwame Nkrumah from office was the only legitimate coup in the history of Ghana.
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
KOFI BENTUM QUATSON WRITES:
“BY BREAKING AWAY FROM THE ELITIST LEADERSHIP OF THE UNITED GOLD COAST CONVENTION (UGCC), TO FORM THE CONVENTION PEOPLE’S PARTY (CPP), KWAME NKRUMAH HAD CAPTURED THE POLITICAL INTIATIVE TO ... read full comment
KOFI BENTUM QUATSON WRITES:
“BY BREAKING AWAY FROM THE ELITIST LEADERSHIP OF THE UNITED GOLD COAST CONVENTION (UGCC), TO FORM THE CONVENTION PEOPLE’S PARTY (CPP), KWAME NKRUMAH HAD CAPTURED THE POLITICAL INTIATIVE TO LEAD THE MASSES OF THE PEOPLE TO ACHIEVE INDEPENDENCE…
OF COURSE, THE IMPERIALISTS PREFERRED THE ELITIST POLITICIANS OF THE UGCC TO KWAME NKRUMAH. BY THEIR EDUCATION, PROFESSION, AND BORROWED EUROPEANIZED LIFESTYLES, THE POLITICAL ELITISTS OF THE UGCC WERE MORE AT HOME WITH THE COLONIAL MASTERS THAN THE ‘COMMON MASSES’…
BUT NO MATTER WHY AND HOW YOU WANT TO CONDEMN KWAME NKRUMAH, THERE IS NO WAY YOU CAN IGNORE THE MASSIVE INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND HIS MONUMENTAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE AREAS OF EDUCATION AND HEALTHCARE. THERE ARE HUNDREDS AND THOUSANDS IN GHANA WHO BUT FOR HIS PROGRESSIVE POLICIES WOULD HAVE ENDED UP ‘HEWERS OF WOOD AND DRWAERS OF WATER.’ THEY INCLUDE ACADEMCIANS, INTELLECTUALS AND PROFESSIONALS.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO OBSERVE THAT THE MASSIVE EFFORT TO DESTROY KWAME NKRUMAH HAD AN INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT. ACADEMICS AND INTELLECTUALS WHO WERE OPPOSED TO NKRUMAH WERE COMMISSIONED TO FALSIFY AND DISTORT THE NATION’S HISTORY TO DEPICT KWAME NKRUMAH AS A ‘THIEF,’ ILLITERATE,’ ‘IMMORAL’ EVEN SATANIC. THAT WAS A POISONOUS STRATEGY TO MIS-EDUCATE AND MISLEAD SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS ABOUT THE TRUE STATURE OF KWAME NKRUMAH, THE FOUNDER OF THE STATE OF GHANA.
INDEED MANY OF OUR PEOPLE WHO WERE TOO YOUNG BEFORE THE COUP OR BORN AFTER THAT HAVE BEEN POISONED WITH THE FALSIFIED VERSIONS OF OUR NATION’S HISTORY BY NKRUMAH’S DETRACTORS…KWAME NKRUMAH IS A NATIONAL ICON AND SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO REMAIN ON THAT PEDESTAL
ON APRIL 22, 1962 KWAME NKRUMAH MADE A PROFOUND STATEMENT TO A CPP STUDY GROUP. HEAR HIM: ‘FRIENDS AND COMRADES, AFRICA NEEDS A NEW TYPE OF MAN. A DEDICATED, MODEST, HONEST AND DEVOTED MAN. A MAN WHO SUBMERGES SELF IN THE SERVICE OF HIS NATION AND MANKIND. A MAN WHO ABHORS GREED AND DETERS VANITY. A NEW TYPE OF MAN WHOSE MEEKNESS IN HIS STRENTH AND WHOSE INTEGRITY IS HIS GREATNESS. AFRICA’S NEW MAN MUST BE A MAN INDEED.’”
Here is a list of some of Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s global accolades:
1) WORLD PEACE PRIZE (World Veterans Federation, 1954)
2) AFRICA’S MAN OF THE MILLENNIUM (BBC, 1999)
3) DOCTOR OF LAWS DEGREE (Honoris Causa, 1951).
Comment: Lincoln University also conferred honorary degrees on ALBERT EINSTEIN (D.Sc., 1946), NNAMDI AZIKIWE (LL.D, 1946, 1994), THURGOOD MARSHALL (LL.D, 1947), ROSA PARKS (LL.D., 1992), BOOKER T. WASHINGTON (LL.D., 1909), ), JESSE JACKSON (D.D., 1969), RALPH J. BUNCHE (LL.D., 1947), MARTIN LUTHER KING, Jr., (LL.D., 1961), DESMOND TUTU (L.H.D., 1990), HORACE M. BOND (LL.D., 1941), JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN (LL.D., 1961, and on.
IN FACT, THURGOOD MARSHALL, AMERICA’S FIRST BLACK SUPREME COURT JUSTICE AND NKRUMAH’S CLASSMATE, MADE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE AUTHORSHIP OF GHANA’S 1960 NATIONAL CONSTITUTION.
What is more, Nkrumah received honorary doctorates from universities in Poland, East Germany, Egypt, and so on.
4) KWAME NKRUMAH ACADEMY (Chicago, Illinois, USA)
Comment: School’s vision comes in two parts: 1) To be a global model of African-centered teaching and learning; 2) To be a center and community of academic excellence and uncompromised expression.
5) GOLD MEDAL AWARD (United Nations Special Committee on Apartheid, 1978)
Comment: For his contributions to the decolonization of Southern Africa (Apartheid South Africa)
6) AFRICA’S BEST BOOKS OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Comment: International compilation executed by the African Publishers Network (APNET), Book Development Councils, the Pan-African Booksellers Association (PABA), Library Associations, and African Writers Association; Nkrumah’s “GHANA: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF KWAME NKRUMAH” appears on the list. No book by J.B. Danquah or K.A. Busia appears on this list).
7) MILLENNIUM EXCELLENCE AWARD RECIPIENT: PERSONALITY OF THE CENTURY (Excellent Award Foundation, Ghana, 2000)
Comment: “The Millennium Excellent Awards is the most prestigious international Awards event that celebrates Achievement and Excellence by Ghanaians, Africans, and Citizens of the World who have sacrificed their lives, toiled tirelessly and served the Continent relentlessly thereby contributing to the socio-economic development of Africa and our Dear Nation, Ghana since 1900 AD.”
8) BIENNIAL KWAME NKRUMAH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Comment: Canada’s Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Lincoln University). The Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Coca-Cola Foundation, the Office of Research and Scholarship and the Sociology Department of Kwantlen Polytechnic University have supported the conference.
9) AFRICAN UNION KWAME NKRUMAH SSCIENTIFIC AWARDS (African Union, 2008)
Comment: Created to push for the development of Africa via the promotion of research in all field, particularly science and technology.
10) MOORLAND-SPRINGARN RESEARCH CENTER (Howard University, Nkrumah papers)
Comment: Houses works by Nkrumah and others made available to researchers, students, professors, and the general public. Nkrumah’s correspondences with Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop, one of the world’s most prominent thinkers of the 20th century, are kept here.
11) 100 GREATEST AFRICANS OF ALL TIME (“True Son of Africa”) (New African Magazine, 2004)
12) THE INTERNATIONAL LENIN PEACE PRIZE (1962)
Comment: Paul Robeson, WEB Du Bois, Pablo Neruda (Nobel Prize in Literature), Linus Pauling (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Peace Prize), Nelson Mandela (Nobel Peace Prize) all received this Prize).
13) NKRUMAH HALL (University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)
14) NKRUMAH HALL OF RESIDENCE (Makerere University, Uganda)
15) THE KWAME NKRUMAH MONUMENT (STATUE) (Ethiopia, Addis Ababa)
16) GLO-CAF PLATINUM AWARD (Confederation of African Football, 2014)
Comment: Nkrumah was posthumously cited for his “contributions to the development of African football during his lifetime…Late Dr. Nkrumah believed and supported sports, not least football during his six-year reign as Ghana’s President, a period during which the Black Stars won the 1963 and 1965 African Cup of Nations tournaments. Dr. Nkrumah also donated a trophy for the organization of a club tournament for Africa’s top football clubs.”
17) KWAME NKRUMAH LEADERSHIP AWARD (West African Students’ Union)
18) THE SATMA AWARDS (South African Government, Ingwe Mabalabala Holdings, and the National Heritage Council of South Africa).
Comment 1: This award, also called “the founders award,” is given to “persons or personalities who have contributed immensely to the elevation and improvement of the living conditions of their society.”
Comment 2: Mr. Alexander Asum-Ahensen, the then Minister of Chieftaincy and Culture who received the award on behalf of the Ghanaian Government, had this to say: “The role of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah in the independence of most African countries could not be under-estimated.
Comment 3: Mr. Enoch Ampofo, who represented event organizers, learned this fact in South Africa and had this to say: “Gaining perspectives into how Dr. Kwame Nkrumah has affected the lives of people in South Africa, I found out that back in the days of Apartheid, the oppressed people went to school and were taught about the principles of Kwame Nkrumah or Nkrumahism.”
19) THE NON-ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT (NAM)
We shall return…
Ankrah 8 years ago
Kwarteng, is it justified to say you are a lunatic?
Why?
Because, there is no other way to describe you, looking from the numerous useless garbage you use to Post to Ghanaweb.
Kwarteng, is it justified to say you are a lunatic?
Why?
Because, there is no other way to describe you, looking from the numerous useless garbage you use to Post to Ghanaweb.
Mahmoud 8 years ago
Rawlings and his men used communist platform and the plight of Ghanaians to preach and ascend to power. After the coup, he turned around and demolished communism completely in Ghana leaving his beloved Cuban-style communist d ... read full comment
Rawlings and his men used communist platform and the plight of Ghanaians to preach and ascend to power. After the coup, he turned around and demolished communism completely in Ghana leaving his beloved Cuban-style communist dictatorship intact.
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
Here are a few of the international accolades bestowed on Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah:
PAUL LEE: “In the 20th century, probably no one except Marcus Garvey did more to bring freedom and dignity to black people worldwide ... read full comment
Here are a few of the international accolades bestowed on Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah:
PAUL LEE: “In the 20th century, probably no one except Marcus Garvey did more to bring freedom and dignity to black people worldwide that Kwame Nkrumah, the liberator and first president of the West African state of Ghana…His memory is cherished by a dwindling number of veterans of the movements of black liberation in the United States and national independence in Africa and the Caribbean…IN 1935, NKRUMAH ARRIVED IN AMERICA. WITH LITTLE FORMAL EDUCATION TO COMMEND HIM AND ALMOST NO MONEY TO SUSTAIN HIM, NKRUMAH NEVERTHELESS SHOWED PROMISE, WINNING THE CONFIDENCE OF HORACE MANN BOND, THE PRESIDENT OF THE HISTORICALLY BLACK LINCOLN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA…IN 1945, HE HELPED THE VENERABLE DU BOIS ORGANIZE AN INTERNATIONAL COLONIAL CONFERENCE AT THE OLD SCHUMBURG LIBRARY IN HARLEM. THIS LITTLE-KNOWN CONCLAVE WAS SOMETHING OF A DRESS REHEARSAL FOR THE HISTORIC FIFTH PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS, WHICH BOTH MEN HELPED TO MOUNT IN MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, IN OCTOBER OF THAT YEAR. ”
KOFI HADJOR: “It is Nkrumah the theoretician and practitioner of Pan-Africanism who continues to provide interest and respect.”
NNAMDI AZIKIWE: “It is a very special pleasure to us, because Dr. Nkrumah is not merely the Prime Minister of Ghana, but is an outstanding pioneer in the fight for the freedom of a sister nation in West Africa. We who are battle-scarred and are on the verge of attaining our statehood and who eagerly await the great day, 1st October 1960, when, God willing, our dreams shall be realized, have been especially emboldened by the tenacity of purpose of Dr. Nkrumah and his immortal comrades to make Ghana free. INDEED, GHANA’S INDEPENDENCE IS THE SUCCESSFUL ACCOMPISHMENT OF THEIR LIVES’ MISSION…It is all history now, it is true, but I still see the gleam of hope and the dream of greatness which flashed in in the eyes of a young “MERCHANT OF LIGHT” who left us in Accra to study in the United States and later COVERED HIMSLEF WITH ACADEMIC AND POLITICAL HONORS TO THE GLORY OF HIS COUNTRY AND OUR RACE…ON BEHALF OF MY GOVERNMENT AND THE EIGHT MILLION PEOPLE WHO INHABIT EASTERN NIGERIA, I SALUTE HIM AS ONE WHO HAS PROVED HIMSELF A VICTOR AFTER MANY BITTER POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS, AND I CONGRATULATE HIM AS THE FIRST PRIME MINISTER OF THE FIRST SOVEREIGN AND INDEPENDENT STATE IN WEST AFRICA TO EMANCIPATE ITSELF FROM COLONIAL TUTELAGE.
KOFI BENTUM QUTSON: “Nkrumah, the unmatchable and big one.”
JOMO KENYATTA: “Ghana’s independence marked the end of colonialism in Africa.”
JULIUS NYERERE: “Ghana’s independence from colonial in 1957 was recognized for what it was: The beginning of the end of colonialism for the whole of Africa…So 40 years ago, we recognized [Ghana’s] independence as the first triumph in Africa’s freedom and dignity. It was the first success of our demand to be accorded the international respect which is accorded free peoples. But Ghana was more than the beginning, our first liberated zone. Ghana inspired and deliberately spearheaded the independence struggle for the rest of Africa…KWAME NKRUMAH WAS [Ghana’s] LEADER, BUT HE WAS OUR LEADER, FOR HE WAS AN AFRICAN LEADER. He had a great dream for Africa and its people. He had the wellbeing of our people at heart. He was no looter. He died poor…So my remaining remarks have a confession and a plea. The confession that we of the first generation leaders of independent Africa have not pursued the objective of African unity with vigor, commitment and sincerity that it deserved…”
JULIUS NYERERE: “Time has shown that Nkrumah’s dream of African unity was not an ideally romantic idea. Since then Europe via the EU has adopted his [Nkrumah’s] entire proposal apart from the one on a union of government. The current AU structure was modeled on his proposal.”
ANTONIO DE FIGUEIRDO: “Nkrumah’s influence filtered to exiles-cum-intermediaries like myself mainly through the support extended by that great statesman to the leaders of the Portuguese African Liberation Movements who converged in Accra, Ghana’s capital. Even after Nkrumah became the victim of Western-inspired coup, and went in to exile in Conakry (Guinea), his Guinea-Bissau fellow exile, Amilcar Cabral, the most influential of Portuguese freedom fighters, often visited him and learned from him.”
SAM NUJOMA: “Ghana’s fight for freedom inspired and influenced us all, and the greatest contribution to our political awareness at that time came from the achievements of Ghana after independence. It was from Ghana that we got the idea that we must do more than just petition the UN [United Nations] to bring about independence.”
KENNETH KAUNDA: “Nkrumah inspired many people of Africa towards independence and was a great supporter of the liberation of southern Africa from apartheid and racism.”
MOLEFI KETE ASANTE: “This is why I am ardent celebrator of Nkrumah’s life and voice because in celebrating him we celebrate the best in us”
OBED ASAMOAH: “The All-African Peoples’ Conference which followed in December 1958, came as the formal and concrete expression of Ghana’s dedication to the freedom struggle in Africa and made it possible for representatives of freedom-fighters throughout the continent to assemble in a free, independent African state for the purpose of planning a coordinated assault on colonial and racist rule in Africa.”
GODFREY MWAKIKAGILE: “Acheampong was also symbolically and substantively sympathetic to Nkrumah, but only because of the outpouring or popular, pro-Nkrumahist sentiments in Ghana and elsewhere. His ‘party,’ the NRC (National Redemption Council), included the word ‘Redemption,’ the English verbiage of the Twi-language root word that was given as a title to Nkrumah, Osagyefo, (meaning Redeemer).
MOLEFI KETE ASANTE: “THE ESSENCE OF AFRICAN INTELLIGENCE.”
DR. KWAME AMUAH (Nelson Mandela’s son-in-law, married to Makaziwe Mandela-Amuah; Dr. Amuah is also a nuclear scientist): “No doubt he [Nelson Mandela] saw Nkrumah as his hero.”
FREDERICK COOPER: “There is a particular poignancy to the history of Ghana because it was the pioneer. Kwame Nkrumah was more than a political leader; he was a prophet of independence, of anti- imperialism, of Pan- Africanism.”
SEKOU TOURE: “A Universal Man.”
THOMAS HODGKIN: “Nkrumah’s radical Pan-Africanism had an influence on the attitudes and behavior of a substantial body of people.”
ERIC WALBERG: “The Greatest Africa.”
AMA BINEY: “Nkrumah was central to the major debates and issues of the decolonization period of the 1950s and the 1960s.”
KWAME BOTWE-ASAMOAH: “One of the world’s historical personalities in the twentieth century.”
OBED ASAMOAH: “Ghana was instrumental at the United Nations and other international fora in spearheading the adoption of a number of measures against the colonial and racist presence in Africa; most notably, General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) of 1960 on the granting of independence to colonial territories and Resolution 1716 at the 17th Session of the General Assembly in 1962 requesting Member States separately or collectively to apply diplomatic and economic sanctions including an arms embargo against South Africa as well as the establishment of the UN Special Committee on Apartheid which was assigned responsibility for reviewing UN policies on South Africa and assessing the extent of their effectiveness. INDEED, TO AN EXTENT THAT NONE CAN GAINSAY AND TO WHICH THE UNPRECEDENTED ACCESSION OF 17 AFRICAN COUNTRIES TO INDEPENDENCE IN 1960 ALONE BEARS TESTIMONY, IT IS LARGELY TO THE CREDIT OF THE LIBERATION POLICY PURSUED BY GHANA UNDER NKRUMAH THAT THE ACCELERATION OF THE PROCESS OF DECOLONIZATION IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICA OWED ITS SUCCESS…”
NATHAN ALBRIGHT: “King's famed admiration for Gandhi’s leadership in nonviolent rebellion was not isolated. He [Martin Luther King, Jr.] drew inspiration from Kwame Nkrumah, who led Ghana to peaceful independence.”
GENERAL J.A. ANKRAH: “Nkrumah’s place in African History had been assured.”
KOFI HADJOR: “Nkrumah is a reminder not of what Africa is, but of what Africa must become.”
KWAME ARHIN: “His political achievements in Ghana served as a model for African nationalists elsewhere on the continent…He was a pre-eminent founder of the movement for African unity; more than any other African leader of his time, he symbolized the black man’s self-identity and pride in his race. His name shall endure as the leading emancipator of Ghana, the leading protagonist of African independence and unity, and a statesman of world stature of the twentieth century.”
ABRONI K. THOMAS: “Nkrumah will continue to stand tall in the history of world leaders…His image has been looming larger ever since he shot into the limelight in 1949; and his renown is unmatchable…Nkrumah’s monumental contributions to world politics are beyond doubt.”
ALI MAZRUI: “Ghana’s Founding Father.”
TAJUDEEN ABDUL-RAHEEM: “It is a testimony to Nkrumah’s success that 40 years after he was overthrown Ghanaian governments and leaders will still be judged (and judge poorly) against him. Even his enemies are forced to acknowledge him as a true national leader and statesman who was genuinely committed to the welfare of the people of Ghana and Africa…Time they say is a final arbiter. The ideas that Nkrumah lived and died for continue to reverberate across the continent.”
JUNE MILNE: “It is now 40 years. Yet the repercussions are still felt in Ghana, and within the Nkrumahist Movement. It is not difficult to imagine the greatly improved condition of the African people today if Nkrumah had continued in power in Ghana to lead the Pan-African Movement…For during the nine short years between Ghana’s independence in 1957 and the overthrow of the CPP government in 1966, foundations were laid which could never be reversed.”
AMILCAR CABRAL: “…One of the greatest men mankind has seen this century…It follows one to grasp the true stature of Nkrumah as a political giant…President Nkrumah, to whom we pay homage, is primarily the strategist of genius in the struggle against classic colonialism…We hail finally Nkrumah, the philosopher and thinker…Let no come and tell us that Nkrumah died from cancer of the throat or any other sickness. No, Nkrumah was killed by the cancer of betrayal…Nkrumah will rise again each dawn in the heart and determination of freedom fighters, in the action of all true African patriots…As an African proverb says: ‘THOSE WHO SPIT AT THE SKY WILL SOIL THEIR FACE.’ Those who have tried to soil the brilliant personality of Kwame Nkrumah should now understand very well that the African people are right. Another African proverb says: ‘A HAND, HOWEVER BIG, CAN NEVER COVER THE SKY.’ There it is: ‘Those who have tried to disparage the magnificent achievement of Kwame Nkrumah must today admit that this African proverb is right…We are certain, absolutely certain that framed by the eternal green of the African forests, flowers of crimson like the blood of martyrs and of gold like the harvests of plenty will bloom over the grave of Kwame Nkrumah; for Nkrumah will triumph.”
HARCOURT FULLER: “The death of Nkrumah in 1972 ushered in a renewed public fervor for all things Nkrumah. Since then, contemporaneous and successive governments, both military and civilian, have sought to appropriate or capitalize on Nkrumah’s posthumous resurgence and popularity for their own purposes or at least to manage the renewed interest of Ghanaians and foreigners alike in the legacy of Nkrumah…Ironically, the Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park and Mausoleum, which was commissioned some two decades after Nkrumah’s death, came to serve the purpose that the Nkroful museum-shrine, which was built at the site of Nkrumah’s birth, did not fully get a chance to fulfill. It now serves as a pilgrimage site for people from Ghana, Africa, and the African Diaspora who have a personal or academic interest in the life and legacy of Nkrumah.”
BOY KOFI 8 years ago
This is the new African Dream,professed by Kwame Nkrumah.Thank you.
This is the new African Dream,professed by Kwame Nkrumah.Thank you.
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
Thanks to you both!
Thanks to you both!
ABU DANQUAH KIBI ADADIENTAM 8 years ago
believe it or not ,GOD do not choose kings and queens.we choose our own and we ask GOD THE ALMIGHTY AS WE BELIVE IN HIM TO BLESS OUR LEADER AND LEADERS.KWAMI NKRUMAH CAME TO MISUSE OUR HARD EARNED MONEY ,.
believe it or not ,GOD do not choose kings and queens.we choose our own and we ask GOD THE ALMIGHTY AS WE BELIVE IN HIM TO BLESS OUR LEADER AND LEADERS.KWAMI NKRUMAH CAME TO MISUSE OUR HARD EARNED MONEY ,.
Chawchaw 8 years ago
Piece thus:
Why Ghana( all of Africa) finds itself
in Stagnation. A good article, a reality check of sorts, that exposes those all those vying for political power, who claim to be prepared[ Visionary Leaders], and capable o ... read full comment
Piece thus:
Why Ghana( all of Africa) finds itself
in Stagnation. A good article, a reality check of sorts, that exposes those all those vying for political power, who claim to be prepared[ Visionary Leaders], and capable of providing 'answers' to this country`s myriad problems.
Dr. SAS, Attorney at Law 8 years ago
The Nkrumaists town-criers, ostriches, ass heads, eunuchs and cuckolds never fail to amaze me with their servile acceptance of their untenable positions:
They accuse Danquah of elitism when he cautioned that the people mig ... read full comment
The Nkrumaists town-criers, ostriches, ass heads, eunuchs and cuckolds never fail to amaze me with their servile acceptance of their untenable positions:
They accuse Danquah of elitism when he cautioned that the people might not yet be mature enough to decide their leadership.
At the same time, when Nkrumah imposed his dictatorship on the country and abolished the vote, they excused his tyranny by arguing that the people were not mature enough to decide their leadership.
So in one fell swoop, the same people are alleged to be mature enough to elect Nkrumah, and thereafter, not mature enough to elect anybody else.
And in this infantile rant here, Bro. Francis Kwarteng again maintains a loud silence on Nkrumah's treachery: his human rights violations, one party state and life presidency, evils that led to his ignominious overthrow and premature death in exile and stillborn principles and policies. Rather, he engages in unacademic diatribe and inadmissible hearsay to impugn the time-honored integrity of Osagyefo Dr. J.B. Danquah, the one who died for the cause of democracy, freedom and justice; the one whose ideas and principles now flourish and are vibrant and relevant today.
And these intentional subversion of the truth will forever remain a dark blot on our national history: that when it comes to the story of our nation, we prefer to celebrate the archetypal villains who oppressed the people while traducing the great heroes who were oppressed and died in prison without trial. Therein lies the inherent curse upon the land, that we demonize the saints and sanctify the devils!
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
Prof. Ninsin writes: “The PDA, on the other hand, MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO IMPRISON, WITHOUT TRIAL, SOME GHANAIANS WHOSE ACTIVITIES WERE UNDERSTOOD TO THREATEN STATE SECURITY AND STABILITY. “THOUGH THE PDA I ... read full comment
Prof. Ninsin writes: “The PDA, on the other hand, MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO IMPRISON, WITHOUT TRIAL, SOME GHANAIANS WHOSE ACTIVITIES WERE UNDERSTOOD TO THREATEN STATE SECURITY AND STABILITY. “THOUGH THE PDA IS STILL REGARDED WITH DISDAIN, ITS VALUE IN SAFEGUARDING THE INTEREST OF THE STATE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN APPRECIATED AND VIDICATED, AS BORNE BY ITS REPEATED USE UNDER DIFFERENT TITLES, BY SUCCESSIVE GOVERNMENTS AFTER THE FALL OF THE CPP GOVERNMENT....AND SOME OF THE REGIMES THAT HAVE RESORTED TO A REVISED VERSION OF THE PDA HAVE BEEN THE MOST DEVOUT AND VEHEMENT CRITICS OF THE CPP” (our emphasis).
Did the Colonial Government not have its own version of PDA under it imprisoned the leaders of the Aborigines Rights’ Protective Society and Nkrumah? What crimes did they commit to warrant their imprisonment? Did the state under Nkrumah’s premiership not have a more legitimate reason to imprison Danquah and Obetsebi-Lamptey than the state under the Colonial Government? It was in this context that Mr. Nelson and Dr. Gyamerah charged the Colonial Government for holding the UGCC leaders including Nkrumah in preventive detention without being charged or tried! Besides, the prison system was far better under the CPP government than it was the case under the Colonial Government.
It is also surprising that those who attack the PDA fail to see how prison tenancy has exponentially shop up in Ghana over the years as a result of remand and adjournment policies in the courts, with the Amnesty International calling Ghanaian prisons “Remand Prison.” Our analysis does not even include imputations of business cost burdens on the state to remand [Note: Britain, for instance, spent a whopping £230 million on remand in 2014 alone!]. The Ghanaian Times reports Mr. Mark Woyongo, the Minister of Interior, as saying plans are underway to construct “new prison facilities” to house people on remand (see “New Remand Prisons to be Built?Minister,” February 16, 2015).
Finally, contrary to what Danquah apologists might say or think, Nkrumah did not kill any of his political opponents or use the PDA to suppress the Opposition. Rather, the Opposition imploded under its own weight of ineffective campaign strategies; total rejection by the masses for its terrorist, secessionist and ethnocentric political calculations; elitist rejection of the masses; and self-destructive tendencies.
Still, preventive detention is part of the constitutional infrastructures of many countries around the world, including post-Apartheid South Africa and the world’s sole police, the United States of America. Regarding preventive detention in American jurisprudence, American legal scholars Adam Klein and Benjamin Wittes write: “Preventive detention is not prohibited by US law or especially frowned upon in tradition or practice. The circumstances in which it arises are not isolated exceptions to a strong rule against it; rather, they are relatively frequent. The federal government and all 50 states possess a wide range of statutory preventive detention regimes that are frequently used, many of which provoke little or legal controversy (See “Preventive Detention in American Theory and Practice,” published in the “National Security Journal,” Harvard Law School, Jan. 18, 2011; see also Blum’s “Preventive Detention in the War on Terror: A Comparison of How the United States, Britain, and Israel Detain and Incapacitate Terrorist Suspects”).
The above notwithstanding, the following extracts represent some of the major achievements chalked under the PDA. Yet, what we are trying to do here is to show how certain essential aspects of the PDA are generally ignored where it comes up for critical valuation in public discourses. In effect the PDA represented the best thing that ever happened to Ghana and Africa.
GENERAL J.A. ANKRAH: “Nkrumah’s place in African history has been assured.”
JOMO KENYATTA: “Ghana’s independence signalled the end of colonialism in Africa.”
OBED ASAMOAH (see his essay “Nkrumah’s Foreign Policy, 1951-1966” in Kwame Arhin’s edited volume”): “Ghana was instrumental at the United Nations and other international fora in spearheading the adoption of a number of measures against the colonial and racist presence in Africa; most notably, General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) of 1960 on the granting of independence to colonial territories and Resolution 1716 at the 17th Session of the General Assembly in 1962 requesting Member States separately or collectively to apply diplomatic and economic sanctions including an arms embargo against South Africa as well as the establishment of the UN Special Committee on Apartheid which was assigned responsibility for reviewing UN policies on South Africa and assessing the extent of their effectiveness. INDEED, TO AN EXTENT THAT NONE CAN GAINSAY AND TO WHICH THE UNPRECEDENTED ACCESSION OF 17 AFRICAN COUNTRIES TO INDEPENDENCE IN 1960 ALONE BEARS TESTIMONY, IT IS LARGELY TO THE CREDIT OF THE LIBERATION POLICY PURSUED BY GHANA UNDER NKRUMAH THAT THE ACCELERATION OF THE PROCESS OF DECOLONIZATION IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICA OWED ITS SUCCESS” (our emphasis).
Note: Nkrumah, Du Bois, and others wrote resolutions on the Colonial Question for the United Nations prior to his [Nkrumah’s] leaving America for England. Nkrumah had been posthumously honoured with a Gold Medal (Special Session, United Nations, 1978). Lastly, Nkrumah gave Ghanaian passports to Black South African leaders and activists. He also gave scholarships to other Africans still under colonialism to study in Ghana in hopes that they will return to their countries and give back to their people. Nkrumah worked with all kinds of people without regard to race, ethnicity, religion, etc., in the interest of Africa’s decolonization and development.
OBED ASAMOAH: “The All-African Peoples’ Conference which followed in December 1958, came as the formal and concrete expression of Ghana’s dedication to the freedom struggle in Africa and made it possible for representatives of freedom-fighters throughout the continent to assemble in a free, independent African state for the purpose of planning a co-ordinated assault on colonial and racist rule in Africa.”
SAM NUJOMA: “Ghana’s fight for freedom inspired and influenced us all, and the greatest contribution to our political consciousness at the time came from the achievements of Ghana after its independence. It was from Ghana that we got the idea that we must do more than just petition the UN [United Nations) to bring about our own independence.”
KENNETH KAUNDA: “Nkrumah inspired many people of Africa towards independence and was a great supporter of the liberation of southern Africa from apartheid and racism.”
NATHAN ALBRIGHT: “King's famed admiration for Ghandi's leadership in nonviolent rebellion was not isolated. He [Martin Luther King, Jr.] drew inspiration from Kwame Nkrumah, who led Ghana to peaceful independence.”
Dr. KWAME AMUAH (Nelson Mandela’s son-in-law, married to Makaziwe Mandela-Amuah): “No doubt he [Nelson Mandela] saw Nkrumah as his hero.”
AMILCAR CABRAL: “The strategist of genius in the struggle against classic colonialism.”
FREDERICK COOPER: “There is a particular poignancy to the history of Ghana because it was the pioneer. Kwame Nkrumah was more than a political leader; he was a prophet of independence, of anti- imperialism, of Pan- Africanism.”
THOMAS HODGKIN: “Nkrumah’s radical Pan-Africanism had an influence on the attitudes and behavior of a substantial body of people.”
AMA BINEY: “Nkrumah was central to the major debates and issues of the decolonization period of the 1950s and the 1960s. Among these was the emergence of the modernization paradigm, which assumed that newly independent states would seek to imitate European systems of governance, economic growth, and values in order to build cohesive nation-states.”
ENOCH AMPOFO: “Gaining perspectives into how Dr. Kwame Nkrumah has affected the lives of people in South Africa, I found out that back in the days of Apartheid, the oppressed people went to school and were taught about the principles of Kwame Nkrumah or Nkrumahism.”
Note: Nkrumah given the SATMA Awards (SA Government, Ingwe Mabalabala Holdings, National Heritage Council of South Africa).
MOLEFI KETE ASANTE: “Nearly 50 years ago on October 9, l959, Patrice Lumumba spoke in Accra on the invitation of Kwame Nkrumah. He observed then at the Pan African Conference that he had three objectives: the independence of the Congo, the creation of the constitution of the United States of Africa, and the establishment of friendly economic relations with other countries. Unquestionably he had been influenced by the insistence of Nkrumah that Africa could not withstand the gathering forces of anti-Africanism in the political centres of the vanquished colonizers. Each nation, acting alone, would not be able to sustain its freedom. It would be shaken to its economic, political, and social core as France, England, and the United States had seen to it that Haiti, since Dessalines proclaimed independence, was shaken and abused. Nkrumah was a prophet of reality; his politics took the form of proactive work to raise the level of consciousness of the masses. But the process is long; the job is hard, and the people are often unwilling to give up the devil they know for the devil they do not know. Yet Nkrumah’s influence, as we celebrate him today, continues to grow as it has grown each year that we do not bring into existence the united Africa for which he devoted so much of his energy.”
Furthermore, the political activism of Nkrumah and the CPP government paved the way for Alex Quaison-Sackey to become president of the UN General assembly, the first black African to hold this position, while not glossing over the fact that Nkrumah’s outstanding leadership of the Conference of Independent African States (CIAS) resulted in the creation of the so-called “African Group” at the UN (see Dr. Zizwe Poe’s “Kwame Nkrumah’s Contributions to Pan-Africanism: An Afrocentric Analysis”). The question is: Could all the above attributions and achievements have been possible if Nkrumah and the people of Ghana had allowed Danquah, S.G. Antor, Busia, Obetsebi-Lamptey, and their terrorist, ethnocentric, and secessionist ilk to destroy Ghana and her independence? In other words, did Nkrumah via the PDA prevent Ghana from descending into political pits like Somalia, Afghanistan, Northern Nigeria, and Eastern Congo?
In fine, we shall say in closing this chapter that the following still occurred even after the PDA had become the law of the land (courtesy of Dr. Botwe-Asamoah):
1 On July 7, 1961, two bombs exploded in Accra, one wrecking Nkrumah’s statue in front of the Parliament House (see also McFarland & Owusu-Ansah).
2 In September 1961, there was a conspiracy among the senior Ghanaian military officers, but the plot collapsed because of the death of the chief conspirator Brigadier General Joseph E. Michel in an airplane crash (Mahoney, 1983).
3 On September 9, 1962, another bomb exploded near the “Flagstaff House, where the Ghana Young Pioneers Orchestra Band was entertaining the audience to modern Ghanaian Music. The explosion killed one person and injured many others.
4 On September 18, 1962, two bombs exploded in Accra killing and injuring many people. One of these bomb blasts occurred in Lucas House in Accra, where nine children fell dead on the spot with their intestines gushed out of their bodies (Tetteh).
5 September 20, 1962, two bombs exploded in Accra, killing and injuring several people (McFarland & Owusu-Ansah).
6 On September 22, 1962, there was another bomb explosion in Accra (McFarland & Owusu-Ansah; Tetteh)
7 On January 11, 1963, another bomb exploded at a CPP rally at the Accra Sports Stadium shortly after Nkrumah had left the scene. This explosion killed over twenty people and more than four hundred people were injured; among the victims were children of the Young Pioneer movement (McFarland & Owusu-Ansah).
8 January 1, 1964, a police officer, Seth Ametewe, was posted on guard duty at the Flagstaff House to assassinate Nkrumah. His five shots missed Nkrumah, but succeeded in killing his personal security officer, Sgt. Salifu Dagarti.
Listen up, readers! Thus spake the Great Kwame Nkrumah: “The evaluation of one’s own social circumstances is part of the analysis of facts and events; and this kind of evaluation is as good as a strong point of inquiring into the relations between philosophy and society. Philosophy calls for analysis of facts and events, and an attempt to see how they fit into human experience.”
How do we summarize Nkrumah’s legacy then? Dr. Asante sums it best: “This is why I am an ardent celebrator of Nkrumah’s life and voice because in celebrating him we celebrate the best in us. This giant was real, genuine, with all of his human flaws, the essence of African intelligence and anti-fascist activism and he showed us what we must be and what we must do to remain centred and not simply shoved to the side as trash on the road of history.”
On the other hand, the modest Nkrumah had this to say about his place in human history: “Fundamentally, I do not believe in the great men of history, but I do think that so-called great men of history merely personify the synthesis of the tangled web of the material and historical forces at play.”
We shall return...
Dr. SAS, Attorney at Law 8 years ago
1. You failed to account for the fact that all the enumerated incidents on Nkrumah's life occcurred long after the imposition o the PDA in 1958 and therefore the PDA actually caused the disaffection with Nkrumah.
2. You fa ... read full comment
1. You failed to account for the fact that all the enumerated incidents on Nkrumah's life occcurred long after the imposition o the PDA in 1958 and therefore the PDA actually caused the disaffection with Nkrumah.
2. You failed to show how the PDA fulfilled the ends of our independence, freedom and justice as promised by Nkrumah.
3. Is your defense of the PDA a suggestion that you would support its re-imposition on the country now after Talinsi and Bimbilla?
4. I always say that the most dangerous enemies of our country's democracy are those minions of Nkrumahism whose life's purpose is to sing the praises of the most wicked person in Ghana's political history: people who will not hesitate to impose a dictatorship on our dear country in immitation of the treachery of their evil godfather, the ungrateful Kwame Nkrumah.
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
SAS,
All the answers you seek are right there in the comments.
S.G. Antor and his rag-tag terrorists tried bombing and disrupting on the eve of Ghana's independence celebration until the highest ranked British military ... read full comment
SAS,
All the answers you seek are right there in the comments.
S.G. Antor and his rag-tag terrorists tried bombing and disrupting on the eve of Ghana's independence celebration until the highest ranked British military officer neutralized it.
The PDA was first introduced in the Ghanian parliament in 1957 (Note: SG Antor cotinued to threatened Nkrumah and others in the Ghanian Parliament of his intention to free Togoland; the rest is history) but was not given much attention until 1958 (see Dr. Biney's "The Social and Political Thought of Kwame Nkrumah").
And Krobo Edusei who introduced it the Ghanaian parliament had come into contact with it earlier when he visited India.
Some say violence "died down" in Ghana in 1957 but such revisionists do not tell us what the Ghanaian intelligence community had on those still planning to destroy the nation. Yet we still saw one violence and terrorism after another even after the introduction of the PDA.
The American intelligence community has foiled several terrorist attemps (after Sept. 11) without the public knowledge until Edward Snowden's leaks and the intelligence community gave the world a clue as to the number of terrorist plans in America have been foiled! Some of the foiled terrorists in Ghana (after the PDA) surfaced Africa's overthrow. There is not need need giving your exhaustive references because you wii not read them.
And wasn't the NLC's version of the PDA worse off? What did the NLC's version of the PDA achieve?
That said, the PDA was the best thing that ever happened to Ghana and Africa. It satisfied the needs of Ghana's independence because after its introduction, the terrorism continued.
Ghana would have been destroyed like Somalia, Afghanistan, and Northeast Nigeria had it not been the PDA. We all know how America's Patriot Act has prevented numerous planned terrorist actions since its adoption. So the PDA whatever it was intended for.
You might want to further read Richard Mahoney's book "JFK: Ordeal in America" to see how Barbara Ward defended the PDA to Pres. Kennedy based on Ghana's security problems. THESE ARE MY FINAL THOUGHTS ON THE PDA (the Kludze piece has not intellectual, security, and legal merit to it so I don't waste my time discussing it).
Have a great weekend.
You might also want to read the following:
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The PDA was introduced in 1958 after many years of what we will today describe as acts of terrorism. Between 1954 and 1957, violence, murders and bombings, orchestrated largely by the National Liberation Movement (NLM), attended much of the political life in the Gold Coast. However, as we explain later in this article, the single incident that triggered the introduction of preventive detention, first proposed by the late Krobo Edusei (after seeing a copy of the Indian Act on preventive detention), whose own sister had been killed in an act of NLM terrorism and whose wife had been the victim of an N.L.M bomb blast, was the planned assassination of the Prime Minister by Modesto Apaloo, R.R. Amponsah and Captain Awhaitey.
There are some on the United Party (U.P.) side of this argument who trace the origins of the violence of that period to the now infamous incident on 9th October 1955 when a quarrel broke out between C.P.P. and N.L.M. supporters in a house in Ashanti New Town, Kumasi. According to Dennis Austin, the quarrel “led to blows and E.Y. Baffoe was stabbed to death by K.A. Twumasi Ankrah who had recently been reinstated as regional propaganda secretary for the C.P.P.” Twumasi Ankrah was later charged, tried and hanged for this offence but the N.L.M. put it about that he was acting with the imprimatur of the C.P.P. leadership and used this as justification for much of their acts of terror.
Their claim, however, that the N.L.M. was a peaceful nationalist movement until the infamous incident does not fit with the facts and is an attempt to rewrite history. R.J. Vile, the Assistant Secretary and Head of West Africa Department B at the Colonial Office gave one of the first independent assessments of the N.L.M. after his visit to the Gold Coast in March 1955. In a memorandum – ‘Constitutional developments in the Gold Coast’ (Ref: CO 554/805, no 22) - on his visit to the Gold Coast he wrote this (in Paragraph 11): “So little is known about the internal politics of the N.L.M. that it is difficult to know the importance of this core determined people, or the kind of control exercised by the Ashantehene [sic] over them. It is, however, clear that they have a fair amount of dynamite at their disposal and presumably can easily obtain fresh supplies by theft from the mines. They contain a number of thugs who are prepared to use knives and arms of precision. Reports were current in Kumasi a fortnight ago that the N.L.M. had been smuggling in rifles and machine-guns, and there were other reports that small bands of people were being trained with the object of sending them to Accra to attack, and possibly murder, Gold Coast Ministers.”
In paragraph 12, R.J. Vile writes: “It is possible that Dr. Nkrumah’s peaceful approach (described in paragraph 10) may lead to the resolution of the differences between the N.L.M. and the C.P.P. on constitutional matters”. Nevertheless he concluded, ominously, that “it is quite possible that the core of determined young men will take to the forest and engage in guerrilla warfare from there if other methods fail”. The idea then, of a peaceful N.L.M. before the E.Y. Baffoe incident, which took place some six months after R.J. Vile’s memorandum is fanciful and pure fiction.
Prominent amongst the N.L.M.’s victims were C.E. Osei, Krobo Edusei’s wife (Mary Akuamoah) and sister; Archie Caseley-Hayford and Kwame Nkrumah whose houses were targets for bombings at one time or another, and the Governor, Sir Charles Arden-Clarke, whose car was pelted with stones when he went to Kumasi to mediate and seek an end to the violence.
The aim of much of this orchestrated violence was to make the country ungovernable so that the Colonial Office would have little choice but to intervene and delay progress towards the granting of independence.
Less than a year after independence, and after three defeats at the polls in 1951, 1954 and 1956, four prominent members of the U.P. were involved in either undermining the stability of the new Ghana or planning a coup to overthrow the C.P.P. government. In November 1957, only eight months after independence, S.G. Antor and Kojo Ayeke two leading U.P. supporters, were arrested and charged with complicity in the Alavanyo riots in Transvolta Togoland, which took place during the independence ceremonies.
In 1958, Modesto Apaloo and R.R. Amponsah (General Secretary of the N.L.M., and later the combined opposition parties, the U.P.) were implicated in plotting the first coup in the new Ghana with Captain Awhaitey, Commandant of the Giffard Camp (now Burma Camp).
The long-standing and broad basis of the connection between Awhaitey and the Opposition came out clearly during the Court Martial of Captain Awhaitey. For example, according to Geoffrey Bing (in his book "Reap The Whirlwind"), evidence presented at the tribunal showed “that in November and December [1958] he [Awhaitey] was using a green Wolseley car which belonged to a then prominent Opposition Member of Parliament, Victor Owusu, whom, after the coup, the National Liberation Council (N.L.C.) appointed as Attorney General. Awhaitey certainly had the car and was involved in an accident with it, after which it was repaired at Amponsah's request…”. General Paley [the British General then commanding the Ghana Armed Forces] reinforced this connection in his evidence to the tribunal when he confirmed that the car was indeed the one found in front of Awhaitey's house at the time of his arrest.
According to Geoffrey Bing, "In the period immediately preceding Awhaitey's arrest there had been rumours of an army coup d'etat and there was even a Special Branch report in regard to it. Its source was a conversation in a foreign Embassy in Accra which had been allegedly overhead by a non-Ghanaian guest who reported it to the police. According to this report, Dr. J. B. Danquah had been heard assuring a diplomat, known to be not particularly friendly to the C.P.P. Government that everything was planned and that Dr. Nkrumah would be overthrown by Christmas by the Army. In view of the status of the informant, the report was taken seriously enough by the Special Branch and General Paley for there to be a thorough investigation made as to whether there was any possibility of the army planning a coup d'etat.” Needless to say, these investigations did not uncover anything untoward at the time and Dr. J.B Danquah went on to appear as counsel for Amponsah, Apaloo and Dr. Busia before the Granville Sharp Commission of enquiry set up to investigate matters disclosed at the Court Martial of Captain Awhaitey.
The Granville Sharp Commission produced three reports (see proceedings and report of the Commission appointed to inquire into the matters disclosed at the trial of Captain Benjamin Awhaitey before a Court Martial and the surrounding circumstances):
Majority of the Commission, Sir Tsibu Darku and Mr. Maurice Charles (a West Indian and one of a small number of judges maintained in office by the N.L.C. after the coup) found "that Awhaitey, Mr. Amponsah, Mr. Apaloo and Mr. John Mensah Anthony, were engaged in a conspiracy to assassinate the Prime Minister, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, and carry out a coup d'etat...".
Mr. Justice Granville Sharp in his minority report found that “there did not exist between Amponsah, Apaloo and Awhaitey a plot to interfere in any way with the life of the Prime Minister on the airport before his departure for India."
The third unanimous Report (by all commission members) found “that Amponsah and Apaloo since June 1958, were engaged in a conspiracy to carry out at some future date in Ghana an act for unlawful purpose, revolutionary in character.”
The violence did not, however, end there: numerous attempts were made on Nkrumah’s life in the years following the introduction of the PDA, including the infamous Kulungugu bomb outrage, the bomb outrages in late 1961 that preceded the visit of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 1962, and the repeated assassination attempts on Nkrumah throughout the early 1960s and especially in 1962 and 1964. By the fifth assassination attempt on Nkrumah's life, a death toll of 30 Ghanaians, men, women and children, had been recorded with the wounding of some 300 others.
Revisionist historians will have us believe the no member of the opposition was ever involved in the bombing campaigns, yet it is a matter of record that an opposition Member of Parliament, R.B Otchere, and Yaw Manu, an activist, pleaded guilty for their role in the Kulungugu bomb. This is what Dennis Austin wrote (see “Politics in Ghana 1946-1960”, published 1964): “That the [Kulungugu bomb] plots had been hatched in Lome and elsewhere by former opposition members – notably Obetsebi Lamptey – was clear. And, indeed Otchere [R.B.] pleaded guilty. But that Tawia Adamafio, Ako Adjei or Coffie Crabbe had anything to do with the Kulungugu attack became increasingly doubtful as the trial continued. And on 9 December all three were acquitted. No one who examined the evidence could have supposed the verdict would be otherwise. Nevertheless, on 11 December, Nkrumah – acting within the terms of the constitution- dismissed Arku Korsah as Chief Justice… and on December 25th Nkrumah declared the judgement null and void”. The consequence of Nkrumah’s response to the trial was that the opposition members who had pleaded guilty and were convicted by a court presided over by Van Lare, Akuffo Addo and the Chief Justice, had their death sentences quashed. In the subsequent trial ordered by Nkrumah, those who were acquitted in the original one were convicted. With the passage of time, all honest observers of our history accept that Tawia Adamafio, Ako Adjei and Coffie Crabbe were treated unjustly. But to conclude from their convictions in the retrial, that they were the bomb plotters is not only unfair to their reputations and memory; it is simply dishonest. The number of people arrested under the Act was so exaggerated that the N.L.C. had to release common criminals with PDA detainees after the coup in 1966 to confirm this falsehood. According to Geoffrey Bing, “of the seven hundred and eighty-eight [788] detained persons that were released [after the coup in 1966], [some] three hundred and fifty to four hundred [350-400]" were criminal detainees "apparently let loose for the purely propaganda purpose of increasing the total number freed". This led to an embarrassing upsurge in crimes rates in the country after the coup.
How was Ghana to deal with the high levels of intolerable violence?
Each country in the midst of a terrorist crisis has a set of emergency laws that are similar to the PDA. In operational terms, the concept of preventive detention has been in existence since British rule in India and elsewhere in other colonies. For example, the U.G.C.C leaders (the so-called Big Six) arrested after the 1948 riots in the Gold Coast were technically held in preventive custody and were neither charged nor tried.
After 1947, both India and Pakistan adopted prevention detention statutes to bring this long-standing practice within the purview of their judicial systems and constitutions. In the Indian Constitution, this comes under Article 22-“Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases” specifically denies anyone held in preventive custody the fundamental rights set out in clauses (1) and (2). Article 22 clause (3b) specifically states: “Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) [i.e. protection from arbitrary arrest and detention, the right to consult and to be defended by, a legal counsel of choice] shall apply to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention”.
In the United Kingdom for example, The Prevention of Terrorism Action (PTA), allowed for detention without trial, charge or access to legal counsel for a period, has been in force since the early 1970s. Since 9/11, both the US and UK governments have introduced anti-terrorist legislation, much of which has created a conducive atmosphere for preventive detention and some would argue, encouraged the flagrant breaches of human rights witnessed or alleged in the notorious Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad and the detention camps of Guantanamo Bay.
The UK’s “Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act of 2001” allowed non-UK nationals to be detained without charge or trial for an indefinite period of time, if the Home Secretary believed such a person was a national security risk and a suspected "international terrorist who could not be deported. According to Amnesty International, the “only body which [could] review the executive decision is the Special Immigration Appeals Commission” which “can hold hearings in secret, can exclude the detainee and their lawyer from parts of the hearings, and can base its decision on secret evidence.”
The reason for this, according to the then Home Secretary, is that suspected "terrorists" cannot be easily convicted because of "the strict rules on the admissibility of evidence in the criminal justice system of the United Kingdom and the high standard of proof required". In his view, these high standards of proof have to be set aside in the interest of national security. A view echoed by Geoffrey Bing in his book [Reap the Whirlwind] in which he demonstrates how difficult it was under British law – the basis of much of Ghana’s legal system - to get common criminals into jail after independence. In fact, under J.K. Harley and A.K. Deku (Commissioner and Deputy of Ghana Police under Nkrumah) much of the police force pleaded with the C.P.P. government to extend the PDA to common hardened criminals by 1960.
The UK’s “Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act of 2001” has since replaced indefinite detention of foreign nationals with a system of "control orders" which can be brought "against any suspected terrorist, whether a UK national or a non-UK national, whatever the nature of the terrorist activity (international or domestic)." Control orders, which can be imposed for as long as 12 months renewable, are, according to the UK Home Office "preventative orders which impose one or more obligations upon an individual which are designed to prevent, restrict or disrupt his or her involvement in terrorism-related activity. This could, for example, include measures ranging from a ban on the use of communications equipment to a restriction on an individual’s movement" .
The Australian Anti?Terrorism Act of 2005 allows “a person to be taken into custody and detained for a short period of time in order to:(a) prevent an imminent terrorist act occurring; or (b) preserve evidence of, or relating to, a recent terrorist act. Similar legislations have come into force across OECD countries since September 11, 2001.
Arguably, the PDA may have fallen into misuse or may have been abused on occasions, as when some people settled local disputes by making serious but false accusations against their opponents; a peculiar problem which still afflicts the Ghanaian body politic and leads some people to use security personnel to settle personal scores or as private debt collectors. But no responsible government can ignore the serious but false accusations some fellow Ghanaians were ready to make against their own kith and kin.
This was the case with some twenty-one people detained under the PDA from the Anlo area. As the Djabanor Committee explained in its “Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Affairs of the Anlo Traditional Area” (1967): “Evidence was given about other exploits and adventures of Kusitor and these led us to have a strong suspicion that Kusitor could have been telling tales about these Anloga people to Ambrose Yankey and his “outfit”. After the evidence of Mr Hans Kofi Boni [it was done in camera] we had no doubt that our suspicions were well founded. In fact Johnny Gbagba Kusitor had much more to do with the detention of his compatriots than he would have us believe. He had land litigation with some people and got them out of the way through Preventive Detention. In conclusion we felt that there is no evidence on which we could reliably hold that Togbi Adeladza was responsible for the detention of his people.”
In view of the foregoing and after the numerous attempts on Nkrumah’s life and those of his Ministers, and the violence of the late 1950s and early 1960s what else was he to do in a legal system ill-equipped to deal with the N.L.M’s/U.P.’s terrorism?
Martin Wolf of the Financial Times observed recently that the length to which terrorists are prepared to go to achieve their aims “creates, in extreme form, the classic liberal dilemma - how do people who believe in freedom respond to those who would use that tolerance to threaten it?” It is a delicate matter of balancing rights with security, but in the end, most fair-minded liberals will accept, however reluctantly, that there was a powerful argument for preventive detention in the Awhaitey case at least.
The outcome of the Granville Sharp Commission provides a perfect illustration of this argument. As Geoffrey Bing explains (pp. 265, ibid), “no Government could be expected to release individuals whom majority of a quasi-Judicial Tribunal had found were engaged in a plot to murder the head of the Government. On the other hand, it was almost certain that no successful prosecution could be launched against those concerned when a Judge of the Court of Appeal had come to the conclusion that, though they had been involved in the conspiracy, it was impossible to determine what this conspiracy was and that they had abandoned their plans, whatever they were, prior to the date on which they were to be carried out”.
Setting aside the fact that majority of the Commission found the accused guilty of conspiracy to assassinate the Prime Minister, how was a responsible Government expected to react to Justice Sharp’s own conclusion that Amponsah and Apaloo had been part of a conspiracy but had withdrawn from it when they suspected the police had knowledge of their plans? Does the Government set them free and wait until the next plot or conspiracy succeeds? Or, is preventive detention in these circumstances the lesser of two evils?
This requires finely balanced legal and political judgments and in our view, the age-old maxim of fiat justitia, ruat caelum - let justice be done though the heavens should fall; that the law should take its course even if the opposition were shaking the very foundations of the state and plotting to assassinate the Prime Minister – would have been a wholly irresponsible and inappropriate response for a country that was being plunged into violence and on the verge of breaking-up along tribal lines.
In our view, the PDA was a necessary piece of legislation, which, along with the Avoidance of Discrimination Act might - just might - have helped us avoid some of the more dangerous conflicts that we have seen in other parts of the African continent. It served to quickly isolate potential and real leaders of violent and destabilising acts and safeguard the security of the nation and people of Ghana.
........................................................................................................................................................
Dr. SAS, Attorney at Law 8 years ago
When you say "The PDA was the best thing that ever happened to Ghana and Africa", we get a sense of the Nkrumaists' "best thing", and what you impliedly believe as Nkrumah's "best" legacy". Need we say more to show that the N ... read full comment
When you say "The PDA was the best thing that ever happened to Ghana and Africa", we get a sense of the Nkrumaists' "best thing", and what you impliedly believe as Nkrumah's "best" legacy". Need we say more to show that the Nkrumaists are always on drugs?
On the other hand, we Danquists believe that no man should lose his freedom on the say-so of another, and that due process is a natural and human right to be safe-guarded at all times, and that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall never perish on the altar of some abstract national security considerations. These ideas are what we spend our lifetime spreading, while you spend your lifetime defending dictatorship and praising tyranny.
You may, on your sane days, reflect on "our best" (which is total democracy) and " your best" ( which is total autocracy) and determine which of the "bests" holds the future in Ghana and Africa. Threafter, you will understand whose ideas never die. It is Osagyefo Dr. J.B. Danquah whose ideas never die. Nkrumah's ideas, the best of which is the PDA incarceration without trial, are all still-born and perpetually dead.
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
SAS,
I think I have said enough. The PDA is not my headache. Please make time to read more on the PDA (a humble plea).
There is no country on the planet that truley practices "democracy" in the real sense of the word. A ... read full comment
SAS,
I think I have said enough. The PDA is not my headache. Please make time to read more on the PDA (a humble plea).
There is no country on the planet that truley practices "democracy" in the real sense of the word. America's "democracy" is merely about elections, a sham.
For instance, Americans generally don't have much to say where (American) corporations and Senators debate in the US Congress. It is these two (corporations/senate) that have the most say on American foreign policy, internal poilitics, etc. The system merely uses the elctorate (via elctoral franchise) to achieve its aims.
See what is happening to the voting rights of African-Americans (in Texas in particular and across the American South) as well as racial profiling and the injustices of the judicial system, just to mention a few.
Please make time to read the following:
1)"Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation from Colonial Times to the Present" (Harriet Washington)
2)"The New Jim Crowism: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Michelle Alexander). THIS IS A POPULAR BOOK IN AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS.
3) "Slavery By Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War 2 (Douglas Balcmon). THIS IS ANOTHER BOOK USED IN SOME SCHOOLS.
You should also check out the writings of the late Harvard University law professors Derrick Bell and Charles Ogletree (still living and teaching at Harvard).
Worse things happened and are still happening under America's so-called democracy that we can ever imagine.
What of Apartheid, colonialism, slavery? African-Americans are still killed like animals! African-Americans are still discriminated in every sphere of American life?
Life was a TRILLION TIMES BETTER FOR GHANAIANS UNDER NKRUMAH THAN IT COMPARATIVELY WAS FOR AFRICAN-AMERICANS under American democracy (read Blackmon's book and any on US Civil Rights. This is redundant because you must have studied this in law school).
Maybe you may have wondered why African-Americans went to Ghana in droves when we got independence (Nkrumah invited some and others came to Ghana on their own).
Please go here and read about lyching statistics of African-Americans from 1882-1968 (statistics by state and race and causes for lynching for lynching are given; www.chesnuttarchive.org/classroom/lynchingstat.html).
You might also want to read Waldrep's book "Lynching in America: History in Documents." Let me just leave you with these two references.
You should be able to tell me if any lynchings occurred under Nkrumah as oppsed to under American democracy. Then you should know how Ghanaians were lucky to leave under Nkrumah as opposed to American democracy.
This is why I don't go about throwing the word "democracy" about as though it has any meaningful concept in today's word.
American democracy is still after Edward Snowden and Julian Assange for exposing the lies about American democracy. American democracy continues to assasninate alleged terrorists without trial (with serious collateral damage)...
Please can I leave you in order to attend to other pressing matters? I have to do this because the PDA is a non-issue and both Nkrumah and the PDA are the best to happen to Ghana and Africa. The world is on my side on this.
Thus it is irrelevant if it Nkrumahists' "best thing." The world and history have spoken. The muffled and minority voice of the Danquahists has no presence in the opinion of the world.
That minoty voice is even irrelevant in Africa (even in Ghana). The Nkrumahist voice is what the world listens to and respects. Danguah is hardly known outside Ghana. He hardly contributed to human civilization as Nkrumah did. This is why Nkrumah will continue to command the world's attention. It is why Nkrumah is studied around the world.
Anyway a group of high-profiled scholars/historians are still meticulously working on bringing out the facts to disproof/discredit the lies told about Danquah on the 5oth Anniversay of his death. You will be surprised what these historical facts say.
A group of Ghanaian-based scholars/historians have already done this in the form of a book. Let us keep our fingers crossed.
All errors are mine (I never proofread the piece).
Good day.
Have great week. I AM DONE FOR TODAY.
Thanks.
Abra Kuma 8 years ago
Lesson 1: Let those of us who would be leaders among our people first check our character traits against the attributes the author lists here: a) the greater the challenges, the more determined and resourceful we must become ... read full comment
Lesson 1: Let those of us who would be leaders among our people first check our character traits against the attributes the author lists here: a) the greater the challenges, the more determined and resourceful we must become b) we must have a formulated practical, viable, and progressive vision for our country's development c) we must possess the aptitude to formulate optimal mass mobilization measures, the expertise and general ability to maintain support from our peoples d) we must possess the singular quality of recognizing when/how to lead, when/how to follow and when/how to maintain a balance within the two polarities, and equally important, e) we must have indepth understanding of our peoples' mindset; in other words, we must be in tune with their core needs.
Lesson 2:The desire to become a leader alone will not cut it: for the people must sense our sincerity and dedication to the cause of our common good. This collective wisdom is what will promote national success in all areas of development.
Another leadership quality essential to the mix that may have been unwittingly overlooked by Brother Kwarteng is the sacred strength "true" leaders must demonstrate in the event we face "spiritual cronyism," as it were, which in this case is the ability to withstand pain we must cause ourselves in punishing family, friends or close colleagues found guilty of a crime against our Nation.Evidently, corruption feeds on would-be leaders lacking this ingredient!
Finally, I am hopeful that readers who have repeated calls for "practical" solutions against Dumsor in recent write-ups without recognizing the necessity for our nation's collective wisdom now understand that without a unified purpose, technology and other material or scientific tools become of little use to national development.
Prof,
This style is for the masses (guessing what I could possibly mean by that - lol), straightforward,to the point and refreshing. Thanks for your detailed comments also. Much appreciated. Be well!
francis kwarteng 8 years ago
Dear Abra Kuma,
A very intelligent summary.
I wish others who had a difficult time grasping the simple message of this article will read what you have written here.
Simply brilliant. In fact yours is one of the pro ... read full comment
Dear Abra Kuma,
A very intelligent summary.
I wish others who had a difficult time grasping the simple message of this article will read what you have written here.
Simply brilliant. In fact yours is one of the profound statements I have read today on the article. Your mind is one of those rare gifts one is likely to come across these days.
I just finished most of the important things I was doing and decided to take a quick look at the comment section whether others have offered their creative voices.
I have said it before and will say it again that usually some of my readers and critics do not demonstrate this level of exegetical insightfulness where my writings are concerned.
I hope you will always be here to "help" those readers and critics by way of your exegesis and "practical" common sense to complex issues.
Have a great week.
Thanks.
BOY KOFI 8 years ago
Good leaders show the way to the promised land.Kwame Nkrumah is a great leader like Abraham Lincoln of the United States of American.These are leaders who paved the way for humanity.Thank you.
Good leaders show the way to the promised land.Kwame Nkrumah is a great leader like Abraham Lincoln of the United States of American.These are leaders who paved the way for humanity.Thank you.
Prof Lungu 8 years ago
Do not be fooled, dear reader!
You have a rather simple "mission"!
Simply compare....
Nkrumahs Mission:
“Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society in which no one will have any anxiety ab ... read full comment
Do not be fooled, dear reader!
You have a rather simple "mission"!
Simply compare....
Nkrumahs Mission:
“Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society in which no one will have any anxiety about the basic means of life, about work, food and shelter; where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease brought under control; and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities.”
To Danquah's Mission:
“Our mission is to make a courageous, imaginative and constructive contribution to nation-building and development, with the purpose of enhancing the life of every individual citizen.”
NEXT:
Tell the whole world which "Mission Statement" makes sense when you had to organize more than 6 million people and govern a country newly independent from a colonial power that did little to develop your homeland after more than 100 years of plundering your peoples' resources.
That is what is important, the way we read this essay!
ITEM: We believe that the Nkrumah "Mission Statement" is the mature one of the two (for development in a Unitary society).
In fact, we searched "Courage" among "Mission Statement" and found 0 (Zero) statements that has "Courage" in the body on the internet. It can never by a rallying call for development, except for War, Mayhem, and Terrorism.
So, tell!
Peace!
Kwapong 8 years ago
Fools like you people can't make proper use of their time, instead throwing about senseless compositions like you and Kwarteng have been doing.
Fools like you people can't make proper use of their time, instead throwing about senseless compositions like you and Kwarteng have been doing.
Abeeku Mensah 8 years ago
There is nothing to be gained with a Danquah V Nkrumah narrative. Mastery of Ghana's history seems to elude even the best and brightest Ghanaians because we choose to be tied by tribal umbilical cord and cannot break free to ... read full comment
There is nothing to be gained with a Danquah V Nkrumah narrative. Mastery of Ghana's history seems to elude even the best and brightest Ghanaians because we choose to be tied by tribal umbilical cord and cannot break free to think or reflect on the past to guide us going foward.
The Ghana problem is one of conceptual and textual understanding of things we read, experience and live. Ghana has failed under communism, socialism and a pretentious democracy where others thrive because we're simple not up to understanding. Nkrumah's communist-socialist blend of government failed because of saboteurs and the power of money to buy poor souls while democracy failed miserably for the very reasons free market values and principles drive democracy. In essence while communism and socialism try to arrest the innermost greed in men democracy is unapologetic about releasing man's innermost greed and Ghana is not a place to tame greed.
Danquah was only interested in spying on his own country Ghana,the nation he claimed to love by doing the dirty work for the CIA,thinking they will finally "install" him the president of Ghana.
But God said no,Danquah,l know ...
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1JBD and cohorts did not believe the Blackman can run his own affairs.What they wanted was a devolution of power so the Chiefs and elites will be local over lords of the colonial masters.Why should they plan as they are waiti ...
read full comment
When you don't believe in pluralism and try to exterminate all those with alternative viewpoints or different methods of development other than communist dictatorship, how can you now turn round to claim that there is no any ...
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BY DR. SAS, ATTORNEY AT LAW
READ:
"....Biological sciences affirm the notion that all humankind are equal, and that exposure to knowledge and culture accounts for why some are more inclined than others to achieve greatnes ...
read full comment
Nkrumah was in power for sixteen years and turned himself into a president for life when he realized that his popularity had waned. In the sixties, and after he had squandered the huge reserve, the country started to sink and ...
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KOFI BENTUM QUATSON WRITES:
“BY BREAKING AWAY FROM THE ELITIST LEADERSHIP OF THE UNITED GOLD COAST CONVENTION (UGCC), TO FORM THE CONVENTION PEOPLE’S PARTY (CPP), KWAME NKRUMAH HAD CAPTURED THE POLITICAL INTIATIVE TO ...
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Kwarteng, is it justified to say you are a lunatic?
Why?
Because, there is no other way to describe you, looking from the numerous useless garbage you use to Post to Ghanaweb.
Rawlings and his men used communist platform and the plight of Ghanaians to preach and ascend to power. After the coup, he turned around and demolished communism completely in Ghana leaving his beloved Cuban-style communist d ...
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Here are a few of the international accolades bestowed on Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah:
PAUL LEE: “In the 20th century, probably no one except Marcus Garvey did more to bring freedom and dignity to black people worldwide ...
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This is the new African Dream,professed by Kwame Nkrumah.Thank you.
Thanks to you both!
believe it or not ,GOD do not choose kings and queens.we choose our own and we ask GOD THE ALMIGHTY AS WE BELIVE IN HIM TO BLESS OUR LEADER AND LEADERS.KWAMI NKRUMAH CAME TO MISUSE OUR HARD EARNED MONEY ,.
Piece thus:
Why Ghana( all of Africa) finds itself
in Stagnation. A good article, a reality check of sorts, that exposes those all those vying for political power, who claim to be prepared[ Visionary Leaders], and capable o ...
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The Nkrumaists town-criers, ostriches, ass heads, eunuchs and cuckolds never fail to amaze me with their servile acceptance of their untenable positions:
They accuse Danquah of elitism when he cautioned that the people mig ...
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Prof. Ninsin writes: “The PDA, on the other hand, MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO IMPRISON, WITHOUT TRIAL, SOME GHANAIANS WHOSE ACTIVITIES WERE UNDERSTOOD TO THREATEN STATE SECURITY AND STABILITY. “THOUGH THE PDA I ...
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1. You failed to account for the fact that all the enumerated incidents on Nkrumah's life occcurred long after the imposition o the PDA in 1958 and therefore the PDA actually caused the disaffection with Nkrumah.
2. You fa ...
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SAS,
All the answers you seek are right there in the comments.
S.G. Antor and his rag-tag terrorists tried bombing and disrupting on the eve of Ghana's independence celebration until the highest ranked British military ...
read full comment
When you say "The PDA was the best thing that ever happened to Ghana and Africa", we get a sense of the Nkrumaists' "best thing", and what you impliedly believe as Nkrumah's "best" legacy". Need we say more to show that the N ...
read full comment
SAS,
I think I have said enough. The PDA is not my headache. Please make time to read more on the PDA (a humble plea).
There is no country on the planet that truley practices "democracy" in the real sense of the word. A ...
read full comment
Lesson 1: Let those of us who would be leaders among our people first check our character traits against the attributes the author lists here: a) the greater the challenges, the more determined and resourceful we must become ...
read full comment
Dear Abra Kuma,
A very intelligent summary.
I wish others who had a difficult time grasping the simple message of this article will read what you have written here.
Simply brilliant. In fact yours is one of the pro ...
read full comment
Good leaders show the way to the promised land.Kwame Nkrumah is a great leader like Abraham Lincoln of the United States of American.These are leaders who paved the way for humanity.Thank you.
Do not be fooled, dear reader!
You have a rather simple "mission"!
Simply compare....
Nkrumahs Mission:
“Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society in which no one will have any anxiety ab ...
read full comment
Fools like you people can't make proper use of their time, instead throwing about senseless compositions like you and Kwarteng have been doing.
There is nothing to be gained with a Danquah V Nkrumah narrative. Mastery of Ghana's history seems to elude even the best and brightest Ghanaians because we choose to be tied by tribal umbilical cord and cannot break free to ...
read full comment