Cedi fall deepens Ghana’s cocoa smuggling troubles

Ghana’s falling currency has fuelled smuggling of as much as 100,000 tonnes of cocoa into neighbouring Ivory Coast since October, reversing a trend, industry sources said.

Cocoa smuggling between the world’s two biggest cocoa producers is common, but over the past decade it has mainly involved Ivorian beans being taken illegally to Ghana. That has changed this season.

Ghana’s cedi currency, which the government has struggled to prop up, has fallen nearly 23 percent against the dollar so far this year, while Ivory Coast’s euro-pegged CFA franc has remained stable, making the country’s official farmer price around 24 percent higher than Ghana’s.

Exporters said the Ivorian price is now seen as more attractive by Ghanaian farmers, who can make bigger profits selling their output to smugglers. “(The smuggling) is due primarily to the weakness of the currency in Ghana,” said Edward George, head of soft commodities research at Ecobank.

George said he had spoken to private sector representatives in Ghana as well as officials from Ghana’s marketing board, Cocobod.

“The lowest estimate we heard was 60,000 tonnes. The highest was 100,000 tonnes, and that was from Cocobod,” he said.

Cocobod spokesman Noah Amenya confirmed smuggling was taking place but said the organisation did not have any figures.

“We are supporting the local authorities and the various task forces to fight the smugglers,” he told Reuters.

Estimates of smuggled volumes obtained by Reuters from four European traders ranged from 40,000 to 80,000 tonnes of beans, while exporters in Ivory Coast put the figure at between 50,000 and 60,000 tonnes.

Bean arrivals at Ivorian ports reached around 1.3 million tonnes by May 11, according to exporters’ estimates, up more than 10 percent from the same time last season.

“Smuggling likely to continue”

Ivory Coast’s October-to-March main crop opened on Oct. 2 with its sector regulator, the CCC, fixing a minimum guaranteed farmer price of 750 CFA francs ($1.59) per kg. Ghana’s price of 3,392 cedis per tonne was roughly on par with Ivory Coast’s at the time.

Despite the beans lost to smuggling, Ghanaian cocoa output still remains more than 15 percent ahead of last year’s levels with purchases reaching 704,266 tonnes by April 8 since the start of the main crop.

But Ivory Coast decided to maintain its farmer price at the main crop level of 750 CFA francs/kg for April-to-September mid-crop cocoa, which is usually sold at a discount.

This in turn could further fuel illegal trafficking as Ghana heads towards its light crop in July unless they raise the price, analysts said.

“Looking forward, it depends what happens to the farmer price because a depreciating cedi means Ghana should be able to increase their price by more (than Ivory Coast), to where it should be in dollar terms,” said a European analyst who declined to be named.